Random Flashcards
When the rate of reaction lines are steeper that does this show?
Faster rate of reaction
When the line on a rate of reaction graph flattens out, what does this show?
Reaction has stopped
How can more product be formed once the reactant has stopped?
By using more product
How to calculate The Mean rate of reaction time?
Amount of product formed or reactant used - divided by time
Doing the Amount of product formed or reactant used - divided by time, finds what?
Mean rate of reaction
How to work out the rate which equals the gradient ?
Change in Y/ change in X
How do you find the rate at a specific point?
Drawing a tangent to the curve at a point
What is collision theory?
The rate of a chemical reaction is depending on collision frequency and energy
What’s the belief of collision frequency?
The more collisions between particles, the faster the rate of reaction
What’s the belief of collision energy?
Enough energy needs to be transferred in a collision to overcome the activation energy
What is activation energy?
Minimum energy particles need to react
What 5 things can speed up or slow down the rate of reaction?
Temperature
Pressure
Concentration
Surface Area
Catalyst
What’s a catalyst ?
Speeds up a reaction without being used up
Do particles move faster when they are hotter or colder?
Hotter
Why do particles move at a faster rate when hot?
Hot = more energy = more frequent
Having a high pressure / concentration means what?
More particles in the same volume
Are Collisions faster with a larger surface area or smaller?
Larger
When can an Equilibrium only be reached?
When a reversible reaction takes place in a closed system
What’s a closed system?
Where nothing can enter or leave
At equilibrium, do the concentration of reactants and products change?
No
When there are more products than reactions, where does the equilibrium lie to?
The right
Changing the reactions conditions can change the direction of what?
The reversible reaction
What is a reversible reaction?
Where the products can react to form the reactants again
If the reaction is exothermic in one direction, what must it be in the other?
Endothermic
What is “Le Chateliers Principle”?
If the conditions of a reversible reaction at equilibrium change, the system will try to counter act that change
“If the conditions of a reversible reaction at equilibrium change, the system will try to counter act that change” -what principle is this?
Le Chatelier’s Principle
According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, if temperature increases, when equilibrium will shift to do what?
Take in heat energy
According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, if pressure decreases, when equilibrium will shift to do what?
Favour the side with more molecules of gas, to (increase pressure)
According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, if the concentration of reactants increase, the system responds to make more?
Products
What is the definition of Crude Oil?
A mixture of hydrocarbons (“variety of chain length”)
What is crude oil?
A fossil fuel
What are fossil fuels?
Dead and decaying animal matter
What are hydrocarbons?
A mixture made up of hydrogen and carbon ONLY
Is crude oil finite or infinite?
Finite
Crude oil is processed to produce fuels, and provide stock chemicals which are used to manufacture what?
Polymers, solvents, detergents, lubricants
What type of reaction is complete combustion?
Oxidation
An oxidation reaction that occurs when fuels react with plenty of oxygen is called what?
Complete combustion
Why are hydrocarbons used as fuel?
Combustion releases a lot of energy
As the length of hydrocarbon chains increase, what increases?
Viscosity and boiling point
As the length of hydrocarbon chains increase, what decreases?
Flammability
