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Module 3 > Random > Flashcards

Random Flashcards

1
Q

Statin drugs used

A

To treat hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol)

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2
Q

What meds are used for HTN and renal insufficiency?

A

Ace inhibitors
Calcium channel blockers
Angiotensin ii receptor blockers

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3
Q

What meds are not recommended for T2DM?

A

Beta blockers (-olol) but are used for HTN and decrease CVD

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4
Q

Stop using ace inhibitors if

A

Dry hacking cough

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5
Q

Diuretics are used for

A

Fluid overload and HTN control (Furosemide!)

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6
Q

Metformin

A

Lowers BG and improves glucose tolerance
May cause weight loss
MUST be held 48 hrs prior to and after use of dye

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7
Q

Sulfinylureas

A

Side effects: hypoglycemia and weight gain
Alcohol use can potentiate hypoglycemic effects
Increase insulin production from pancreas

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8
Q

Diabetic retinopathy

A

Microvascular damage to retina

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9
Q

Diabetic retinopathy increases risk for

A

Other eye diseases
-glaucoma
-blindness
-cataracts

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10
Q

Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

Partial occlusion of small blood vessels in retina causes micro aneurysms

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11
Q

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

New blood vessels formed (neovascularization)
Can cause retinal detachment (blindness)

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12
Q

Nephropathy

A

Leading cause of ESRD
Need to control HTN and tight BG control

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13
Q

Labs for Nephropathy

A

UA — should be free of albumin, protein, glucose, nitrites, bacteria, etc.
BUN/Creatinine — BUN: 8-20; creatinine: 0.6-1.2
GFR — >60

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14
Q

Cues for Nephropathy

A

Edema of face, hands, feet
UTI symptoms
Symptoms of renal failure: anorexia, nausea, fatigue, difficulty concentrating

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15
Q

Sensory neuropathy

A

Loss of protective sensation in limbs

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16
Q

Anti-seizure medications

A

Gabapentin is the gold standard
Used for sensory neuropathy

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17
Q

Autonomic neuropathy

A

Gastroparesis — delayed gastric emptying
Cardiovascular abnormalities
Hypoglycemic unawareness

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18
Q

Hypoglycemia unawareness is related to

A

Autonomic neuropathy and lack of counterregulatory hormones

19
Q

Autonomic neuropathy chronic complications

A

Sexual function
Neurogenic bladder (urinary retention) bethanochol!!!
Self catheterization is the last option

20
Q

Cholesterol should be

A

Less than 200

21
Q

LDL should be

A

Less than 100

22
Q

Triglycerides should be

A

Less than 150

23
Q

HDL should be

A

Women — more than 50
Men — more than 40

24
Q

Glycemic index

A

Refers to the response to 50 grams of glucose or white bread in a normal person without diabetes

25
Q

Foods with a high glycemic index do what?

A

Raise glucose levels faster and higher than foods with a low glycemic index

26
Q

Diabetes exercise

A

Exercise 1 hour after a meal, don’t want to exercise when meds peak
Do not exercise if BG >300 and if ketones are present in urine

27
Q

Ketones

A

Break down fat rapidly

28
Q

Patients who use _______ are at an increased risk for ________

A

Insulin, meglitinides, and Sulfinylureas are at an increased risk for hypoglycemia

29
Q

Hydration

A

8 oz fluid per hr
Every 3rd hour, consume 8oz of sodium rich choice like bullion

30
Q

SMBG

A

Every 2-4 hours while BG is elevated or until symptoms subside

31
Q

Ketones (Sick)

A

Every 4 hours or until negative
(For type 2, determined for individual)

32
Q

Medication adjustments

A

Continue as able
Adjust insulin doses to correct hyperglycemia

(For type 2, hold metformin during serious illness)

33
Q

Food and beverage selections

A

Guide patients to consume 150-20g CHO daily in divided doses
Switch to soft or liquids as tolerated

34
Q

Food and beverage selections

A

Guide patients to consume 150-20g CHO daily in divided doses
Switch to soft or liquids as tolerated

35
Q

Informed consent

A

Adequate disclosure
Patient must have clear understanding
Consent must be given freely

36
Q

Adequate disclosure

A

Patient needs to know purpose of case
Risk of non treatment
Are there other treatments available
Risk of procedure
Probability of success

37
Q

NPO before surgery, why?

A

Risk for aspiration and pneumonia

38
Q

Universal protocol

A

Surgical timeout- all members of the surgical team stop what they are doing before the procedure starts to verify:
Patient ID
Procedure
Surgical site (surgeon should mark procedure site)

39
Q

Ileostomy

A

Right side
Small bowel —> loose, watery stool

40
Q

Colostomy

A

Left side
Large intestine —> more formed stool

41
Q

If stoma is purple

A

Blood is not reaching
Medical emergency
Should be red or pink

42
Q

Always protect skin around stomach bag

A

Teach pt/fam
Dont want bag to get so full that it starts to pull away from skin

43
Q

JP drain

A

If compressed, doing its job
If not compressed, it is full. Empty, collect, measure
If blood clot, milk the drain to create suction to remove blood clot
Drainage should be serous/Sanguineous (pinkish clear)

Module 3 (7 decks)

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