Diabetes Flashcards
Type two diabetes is classified as what?
Insulin resistance with varying degrees of insulin secretory deficits
Stable glucose level
70-110 mg/dl
Counterregulatory Hormones
Glucagon, epinephrine, Growth hormone, cortisol
Counterregulatory hormones do what?
Oppose effects of insulin
Stimulate glucose production and release by liver
Decrease movement of glucose into the cell
Help maintain normal blood glucose levels
Steroids can
Raise BG
Cause diabetes
Gestational diabetes
Develops during pregnancy
Raises risk for T2DM
Baby weighs more than 9 pounds at birth
Glucagon
Used to raise blood sugar
Epinephrine
Release raises blood sugar
Cortisol
Stress hormone, raises blood sugar
What symptoms will you always see with Hyperglycemia?
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
What lab is the golden standard when testing for diabetes?
Hemoglobin A1C
Goal for Hemoglobin A1C test
Less than 6.5% — 7%
What can affect the results of a hemoglobin A1C test?
Pregnancy
CKD
Thalassemia
Anemia
Recent acute blood loss or transfusion
Steroids or treatment
Insulin pump candidates must be
Motivated to be active participant in management, quantify food intake, and monitor BG
Type 2 diabetes is present in
All ethnic groups but more prevalent in non-whites:
Latino, black, Asian, Pacific Islanders
In T1DM there is an absence of
Endogenous insulin
T2DM Patho
Most common
Slow onset
Insulin present, cells resis
By the time diagnosed, damage already done to most organs
Prediabetes HGBA1C levels
5.7-6.4%
Prediabetes is
Asymptomatic but long term damage is already occurring
Type 2 diabetes s/s
3 ps
Recurrent infections/prolonged wound healing
Visual changes
Fatigue
Prediabetes
Metabolic syndrome
CVD
Renal insufficiency
Rash (yeast)
