RAjan 2 Flashcards
Pure tones can be approximated by the sound of a:
- piano.
- guitar.
- trumpet.
- flute.
flute.
A curve showing the minimum amplitude at which sounds can be detected at each frequency
is known as the _____.
audibility curve
absolute threshold curve
harmonic curve
fundamental frequency curve
audibility curve
The cochlea is located in the:
outer ear.
middle ear.
inner ear.
dendrites.
inner ear.
The _____ forms an air-tight seal between the outer ear and the middle ear and vibrates in
response to the sound waves that strike it.
Eustachian tube
oval window
basilar membrane
tympanic membrane
tympanic membrane
In addition to the tectorial membrane, the three critical components of the organ of Corti
consist of :
the incus and the stapes.
the basilar membrane and Reissner’s membrane.
the inner hair cells and outer hair cells.
the tympanic membrane and the auditory nerve.
the inner hair cells and outer hair cells.
Presbycusis is NOT caused by:
lifelong exposure to loud noise.
an infection in the middle ear.
head trauma.
smoking and alcohol abuse.
an infection in the middle ear.
The _____ is a part of the vocal tract that contains the vocal folds and is also known as the
voice box.
larynx
velum
pharynx
uvula
larynx
In the perception of speech sounds, when auditory and visual stimuli conflict, the auditory
system tends to compromise on a perception that shares features with both the seen and the
heard stimuli. This phenomenon is called:
manner of articulation.
coarticulation.
categorical perception.
the McGurk effect.
the McGurk effect.
In the perception of speech sounds, the McGurk effect occurs when _____ and _____ conflict.
- voice onset time; voice offset time
- olfaction; gustation
- auditory stimulus; visual stimulus
- categorical perception; continuous perception
- auditory stimulus; visual stimulus
Betsy was listening to the radio. She did not realize that a phoneme in the announcer’s speech
had been replaced by a coughing sound. The fact that she seemed to perceive the missing
speech sounds illustrates:
a phonemic boundary.
harmonicity.
phonemic restoration.
the McGurk effect.
phonemic restoration.
_____ refers to an impairment in speech production or comprehension, or both, caused by
damage to speech centers in the brain.
- Phonophobia
- Aphasia
- Amusia
- Adipsia
- Aphasia
The French physician Pierre Paul Broca described two patients with damage to a region in the:
- left superior temporal cortex and largely impaired ability to comprehend speech.
- left superior temporal cortex and largely impaired ability to produce speech.
- left inferior frontal cortex and largely impaired ability to comprehend speech.
- left inferior frontal cortex and largely impaired ability to produce speech.
- left inferior frontal cortex and largely impaired ability to produce speech.
Carl Wernicke, the German neurologist, described patients with damage to a region in the:
- left superior temporal cortex with deficits in speech comprehension.
- left superior temporal cortex with deficits in speech production.
- left inferior frontal cortex with deficits in speech comprehension.
- left inferior frontal cortex with deficits in speech production.
- left superior temporal cortex with deficits in speech comprehension.
Julia met with a road accident. After the accident, she was able to understand what other people spoke. However, she was able to produce only a few words of speech. The accident has MOST likely destroyed her _____ frontal cortex.
right inferior
right superior
left superior
left inferior
left inferior
In the context of speech-related neural signals, the ventral pathway is involved in speech _____
and the dorsal pathway is involved in speech _____.
- perception; production
- production; perception
- impairments; perception
- production; impairments
- perception; production
_____ refers to a profound impairment in perceiving and remembering melodies and in distinguishing one melody from another.
- Amusia
- Absolute pitch
- Aphasia
- Dynamics
- Amusia
In automatic speech recognition systems, which is the CORRECT sequence of steps for
recognizing speech?
- hypothesis search acoustic modeling front-end processing
- hypothesis search front-end processing acoustic modeling
- front-end processing acoustic modeling hypothesis search
- acoustic modeling front-end processing hypothesis search
- front-end processing acoustic modeling hypothesis search
In automatic speech recognition systems, which step filters out noise from the environment
and accounts for differences between speakers?
hypothesis search
front-end processing
linguistic search
acoustic modeling
acoustic modeling
_____ pain occurs when chemical substances released by tissue damage either activate pain
receptors directly or reduce their threshold.
Neuropathic
Inflammatory
Nociceptive
Thermoreceptive
Inflammatory
Cold fibers are found in the:
- epidermis and respond to extreme joint angles.
- dermis and respond to a wide range of pain stimuli.
- epidermis and dermis and respond to changes in muscle length.
- epidermis and dermis and sense sudden temperature changes in the environment.
- epidermis and dermis and sense sudden temperature changes in the environment.
The somatosensory cortex is found in the:
- spinal cord.
- posterior parietal lobe.
- anterior parietal lobe
- ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus.
- anterior parietal lobe
A full somatotopic map of the body can be found in which area of the brain?
- the anterior singulate cortex
- the hypothalamus
- the thalamus
- the somatosensory cortex
- the somatosensory cortex
Which statement is NOT true of acquired anosmia?
- The ability to smell odors is lost.
- The ability to taste flavors is diminished.
- Mood changes, such as depression, can occur.
- This condition is irreversible.
- This condition is irreversible.
Which statement is TRUE of odorants?
They always evoke a response regardless of their concentration.
All species of animals detect the same odorants
A single substance, such as a rose, will emit many different odorants
Odorant molecules with similar structures always smell the same
A single substance, such as a rose, will emit many different odorants