R2:2

Question 1

The French physician Pierre Paul Broca described two patients with damage to a region in the:

1. left superior temporal cortex and largely impaired ability to comprehend speech.
2. left superior temporal cortex and largely impaired ability to produce speech.
3. left inferior frontal cortex and largely impaired ability to comprehend speech.
4. left inferior frontal cortex and largely impaired ability to produce speech.

Answer 1

4. left inferior frontal cortex and largely impaired ability to produce speech.

Question 2

Carl Wernicke, the German neurologist, described patients with damage to a region in the:

1. left superior temporal cortex with deficits in speech comprehension.
2. left superior temporal cortex with deficits in speech production.
3. left inferior frontal cortex with deficits in speech comprehension.
4. left inferior frontal cortex with deficits in speech production.

Answer 2

1. left superior temporal cortex with deficits in speech comprehension.

Question 3

The fact that there are many more types of olfactory receptor neurons than types of color cones in vision indicates that:

1. each ORN can respond to only one specific odorant.
2. olfactory receptor neurons can be more narrowly tuned than cones.
3. olfactory receptor neurons can be more broadly tuned than cones.
4. the neural codes for odors and colors cannot be meaningfully compared.

Answer 3

2. olfactory receptor neurons can be more narrowly tuned than cones.

Question 4

Which statement is TRUE of odorants?

1. They always evoke a response regardless of their concentration.
2. All species of animals detect the same odorants
3. A single substance, such as a rose, will emit many different odorants
4. Odorant molecules with similar structures always smell the same

Answer 4

3. A single substance, such as a rose, will emit many different odorants

Question 5

Research has shown that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is involved in:

1. perceptually identifying specific odors.
2. representing the emotional dimensions of odor perception.
3. perceptually identifying general categories of odors.
4. producing representations of the quality of an odor.

Answer 5

2. representing the emotional dimensions of odor perception.

Question 6

The fact that odor-evoked memories that tend to be quickly acquired, long lasting, and emotionally charged has been attributed to the fact that the olfactory pathway includes the amygdala, the orbitofrontal cortex, and the:

larynx
thalamus
pharynx
hippocampus

Answer 6

4. hippocampus

Question 7

Neural signals that originate in the taste receptor cells and are transmitted via three cranial
nerves travel first to the:

1. orbitofrontal cortex.
2. nucleus of the solitary tract.
3. ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus.
4. primary taste cortex.

Answer 7

2. nucleus of the solitary tract.

Question 8

The orbitofrontal cortex represents:

1. hunger.
2. emotion.
3. the taste quality of food.
4. the reward value of food.

Answer 8

4. the reward value of food.