R1:2 Flashcards
The only way to see, hear, taste, smell, and feel what you want to experience is by _____.
- identifying stimulus inputs
- discriminating among similar stimuli
- developing necessary cognitive constructs
- activating sensory receptors
- activating sensory receptors
Steven’s auditory receptors were damaged failing to use hearing protection when working in a loud environment. As a result, we can expect that _____.
- the areas of his brain associated with auditory perception will have diminished considerably in size
- he is almost certainly permanently and completely disabled and likely to requireassistance to live independently
- he will be unable to work without special support, such as the use of hearing aids
- his auditory experiences will differ from those of an individual whose receptors have not been damaged
- his auditory experiences will differ from those of an individual whose receptors have not
been damaged
Which brain structure is responsible for creating perceptions and producing other “high” level functions such as language, memory, and thinking?
- brain stem
- cerebral cortex
- hypothalamus
- occipital lobe
- cerebral cortex
Visual form agnosia is a problem of the _____ step of the perceptual process.
- action
- attention
- transduction
- recognition
- recognition
Which statement best describes the steps of the perceptual process?
- The steps are unidirectional, starting at the environmental stimulus and ending at perception
- The steps are unidirectional, starting at the environmental stimulus and ending at knowledge
- The steps are unidirectional, starting at transduction and ending at recognition
- The sequence of steps is dynamic and constantly changing.
- The sequence of steps is dynamic and constantly changing.
Justin forgot to wear his glasses to class so the writing he sees on the chalk board is blurry. Even so, he is sure it says “Pop Quiz!” because he knows that there are pop quizzes in the class and he can read the “P” and the “Q”. What allows him to read the board?
- bottom-up processing
- oblique processing
- top-down processing
- compression
- top-down processing
Trying to read a note written by someone with poor handwriting involves _____.
- only top-down processing
- only bottom-up processing
- both top-down and bottom-up processing
- only data-based processing
- both top-down and bottom-up processing
The psychophysical method in which stimuli of varying intensities are presented in ascending and descending orders in discrete steps is called the method of _____.
- limits
- constant stimuli
- searching
- scaling
- limits
Kimmy is casting shadows on the wall and watching whether her cat Tiger jumps at the shadows or not. She uses different hand motions to see if there is a difference in whether Tiger jumps or not. Kimmy is informally studying which relationship?
- the stimulus-physiology relationship
- the physiology-perception relationship
- the stimulus-perception relationship
- the perception-behavior relationship
- the stimulus-perception relationship
Ilsa recently had a stroke that has damaged her ability to name objects. Her neurologist shows Ilsa a pen and asks her to name what it is. This is best described as a test of _____.
- recognition
- Magnitude
- reaction time
- description
- recognition
As a part of the interview process for his dream job – quality control at a small, luxury chocolate manufacturer – Tony is asked to taste small pieces of chocolate and then describe what he tastes. Tony is most likely being asked to provide a(n) _____.
- phenomenological report
- magnitude estimation
- adaptation curve
- absolute thresholds
- phenomenological report
Michaela lives near the railroad tracks and often hears the loud bangs associated with cars being added to trains. When a friend of hers is visiting, the friend becomes alarmed at the sounds, wondering what they are but Michaela is able to reassure her friend that it is a normal
train-related sound. Michaela’s _____ skills, at least in this situation, are superior to her friend’s.
- recognition
- detection
- search
- adjustment
- recognition
Magnus works for a company that designs adapted products to help people who have trouble grasping items. Today he is meeting with children who have difficulty grasping as a result of traumatic brain injury and has provided them with a supply of crayons that have been adapted
in various ways. Magnus watches as the children color with the crayons. Which question is he most likely asking?
- How quickly do the children react to the crayons?
- How do the children interact with the crayons?
- How do the children describe the crayons?
- Can the children identify the crayons?
- How do the children interact with the crayons?
Our perception of the environment begins with _____.
- energy
- the proximal stimulus
- the distal stimulus
- cognition
- the distal stimulus
The structure of the eye that provides about 80% of the eye’s focusing power is the _____.
- iris
- pupil
- cornea
- lens
- cornea
Jan tries to focus on the tip of her pencil as she brings it closer to her. She feels the strain on her eye as she does this. What she is feeling in her eye is due to the process called _____.
- inhibition
- reflection
- accommodation
- assimilation
c. accommondation
Accommodation is the process by which the vertebrate eye changes optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies.
Lorelei’s mother is 60 years old, and, because of the condition called _____, she has a difficult time bringing near objects into focus.
- cataracts
- diplopia
- presbyopia
- retinitis pigmentosa
- presbyopia
Vera has hyperopia, and tends to get headaches when she reads. This might be because_____.
- Vera also has presbyopia and has the constant need to accommodate
- Vera also has myopia and is unable to accommodate
- Vera has just had LASIK surgery and her ciliary muscles are damaged
- Vera is 5-years-old and lacks the visual acuity to read
- Vera also has presbyopia and has the constant need to accommodate
Individuals with myopia may have difficulty seeing _____ objects clearly. Often times, they are also referred to as being _____.
- nearby; farsighted
- nearby; nearsighted
- distant; farsighted
- distant; nearsighted
- distant; nearsighted
_______ reacts to light to start the process of transduction.
Opsin
Retinal
Choroid
Thyric acid
Retinal
Which of the following is true about the difference between the rods and the cones?
- The rods control vision in high illumination conditions, and the cones control vision in low illumination conditions.
- The rods are packed in an area called the fovea, and the cones are found more in the peripheral retina.
- There are about 120 million rods in the human eye and about 6 million cones.
- The only difference between the rods and the cones is physical shape.
- There are about 120 million rods in the human eye and about 6 million cones.
A retinal condition that destroys the cones in the fovea is _____.
- macular degeneration
- retinitis pigmentosa
- presbyopia
- retinal hypopolarization
- macular degeneration
In the early stages of _____, peripheral rod receptors are destroyed leading to poorer peripheral vision.
- macular degeneration
- retinitis pigmentosa
- presbyopia
- retinal hypopolarization
- retinitis pigmentosa
_____ is necessary for the neural transmission and processing of information.
- Only inhibition
- Only excitation
- Only equalization
- Both inhibition and excitation
- Both inhibition and excitation
Rods and cones synapse with _____ cells, which then synapse with ____ cells
- ganglion; bipolar
- bipolar; ganglion
- amacrine; unipolar
- amacrine; bipolar
- bipolar; ganglion
Reading the eye chart in an optometrist’s office is used to measure _____.
- acuity
- sensitivity
- receptive fields
- creativity
- acuity
The difficulty of reading under dim light conditions can be explained by _____.
- the increased sensitivity of cones under low light conditions
- the increased acuity of cones under low light conditions
- the fact that rod functioning predominates during dark adaptation, resulting in poor acuity
- the fact that cone functioning predominates during dark adaptation, resulting in poor acuity
- the fact that rod functioning predominates during dark adaptation, resulting in poor acuity
The gray intersections in the Hermann Grid _____.
- are physically present
- are explained by dark adaptation
- support the claim that “perception is not the same as the physical stimulus”
- support the claim that what is learned in animals is not applicable to humans
- support the claim that “perception is not the same as the physical stimulus”
Most of the signals travel from the retina to the _____ via the optic nerve.
- temporal cortex
- lateral geniculate nucleus
- the superior colliculus
- the visual homunculus
- lateral geniculate nucleus
To measure _____, the experimenter decreases the intensity difference between the light bars and the dark bars until an observer can just barely detect the difference between the dark bars and the light bars.
- Mach bands
- contrast threshold
- phase continuity
- brightness constancy
- contrast threshold
Neurons in the _____ respond to complex stimuli, but not simple stimuli such as straight lines.
- LGN
- striate cortex
- IT cortex
- retina
- IT cortex
A stimulus that contains alternating black and white bars is called a _____.
- grating
- grid
- Boolean array
- Moire pattern
- grating
The _____ can be described as the electronic map of the retina on the cortex.
- visual map
- spatial map
- retinotopic map
- cortextual map
- retinotopic map
The cortical magnification factor occurs in humans because _____.
- a small area in the peripheral retina accounts for a large area on the cortex
- the small area of the fovea accounts for a large area on the cortex
- the lens accommodates so that the image is magnified on the retina
- the area at the optic disk accounts for a large area on the cortex
- the small area of the fovea accounts for a large area on the cortex
The brain imaging technique that creates images of structures in the brain, but cannot indicate
neural activity, is _____.
- fMRI
- Ablation
- PET scan
- MRI
4.MRI