Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RADPATHO > RADPATHO > Flashcards

RADPATHO Flashcards

1
Q

a term that literally refers to a lack of “ease.”
It is a condition that is marked by an abnormal disturbance in the function and or structure of the human body as a result of some type of injury or trauma

A

Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The study of disease and how it impacts the human body.

A

Pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

partial list of sources for pathology/Disease Classifications

A

Hereditary/ congenital
Tumor
Iatrogenic
Infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Any adverse conditions that results from medical treatment.
An example would be a pneumothorax that occurs as the result of a thoracentesis.

A

Iatrogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

infection is acquired from a health care environment.

A

Nosocomial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Source of pathology or disease classification

A

Inflammatory
Metabolic
Degenerative
Trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In utero
Maternal infections (Rubella/German Measles), radiation, trauma or drugs
Usually cannot be recognized before birth

A

Congenital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Other name of German measles

A

Rubella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Symptoms of rubella

A

Mild fever
Headache
Joint pain
Runny nose
Swollen lymph nodes
Conjunctivitis or sore eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the other name for measles

A

Rubeola

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Symptoms of rubeola

A

High fever
Coryza or common colds
Cough
Conjunctivitis or sore eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Genetically transmitted from either parent to child

A

Hereditary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Genetic testing can detect these before birth

A

Intervention
Terminate pregnancy
Make decision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How may chromosomes are in a human body

A

46

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Other name of down syndrome

A

Trisomy 21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Other name of down syndrome

A

Trisomy 21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This is a group of signs and symptoms that characterize an abnormal disturbance.

A

Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This is a genetic disorder of connective tissue
It is characterized by a predisposition to cardiac disorders, long limbs, long fingers, and a tall stature

A

Marfan’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which president has Marfan’s syndrome

A

Abraham Lincoln

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

This is the study of the cause and origin of a disease

A

Etiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

This refers to the fact that there may be no real cause for the disease.
Examples would be hypertension and a spontaneous pneumothorax.

A

Idiopathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the buildup of pleural fluid in the pleural cavity.

A

Pleural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the presence of air or gas in the pleural cavity.

A

Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

the presence of blood in the pleural cavity.

A

Hemothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

refers to the body’s ability to wall-off and sequester an injurious agent.
The ultimate goal of this process is the safe removal of said injurious agents.

A

Inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

is the process of dilating capillaries to allow fluids and leucocytes to infiltrate the infected area.

A

Hyperemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The leucocytes will act to remove cellular debris through a process known as

A

Phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The cardinal signs of inflammation include

A

Heat redness and often decrease in function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Classic signs of inflammation

A

Heat, redness, pain, swelling and loss of function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Calor

A

Heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Rubor

A

Red

32
Q

Dolor

A

Pain

33
Q

Functio laesa

A

Loss of function

34
Q

Inflammatory reaction

A

Abscess
Ulcers
Cellulitis

35
Q

This type of inflammatory reaction causes the injurious agent to become a walled-off ball of pus.
Antibiotics cannot penetrate an abscess since they do not contain a blood supply like a neoplasm.

A

Abscess

36
Q

This is another type of inflammatory reaction that is the result of a healing wound that is located on the skin or a mucous membrane

A

Ulcers

37
Q

This is an acute bacterial infection of the skin and is a third example of an inflammatory reaction.
It can be found anywhere in the body but it is more often seen in areas where the skin can be damaged and thus allow a portal of entry for bacteria.
A byproduct of bacterial reproduction within the tissue is the excretion of methane.
This can sometimes be demonstrated on a radiograph as depicted on the next slide

A

Cellulitis

38
Q

This is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in body cavities or intercellular spaces.
The increase in fluid can be localized within a structure or dispersed throughout the body.

A

Edema

39
Q

is essentially edema of the peritoneal cavity.

A

Ascites

40
Q

This abnormal, extracellular fluid essentially consists of water that contains a low cell count.
As a result, they are usually clear.
A good example would be a pleural effusion

A

Transudates fluid

41
Q

This fluid filters from the circulatory system into lesions and generally contains water, pus, and/or blood.
Since it contain infected fluid (pus/bacteria), they are therefore not clear

A

Exudates fluid

42
Q

This term refers to an obstruction of the normal blood flow to an organ or structure.
It usually results from either a narrowing of blood vessels from plaque formation (fatty cholesterol deposits) or as the result of a thrombic occlusion.
As humans age, primary blood vessels into an organ may become stenotic due to plaque formation within their lumen.

A

Ischemia

43
Q

is the body’s natural defense against ischemia.

A

Collateral circulation

44
Q

Loss of blood supply to an organ or structure will cause the surrounding tissue to become necrotic.

A

Infarct

45
Q

The following is a list of diseases that are either caused by an infarct or may result in an infarct:

A

Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
Pulmonary Embolus
Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)
Hernia (Mechanical Obstruction)
Volvulus

46
Q

bleeding is simply the loss of blood from the circulatory system

A

Hemorrhage

47
Q

The following is a list of a few examples of a hemorrhage

A

Hematoma
Ecchymosis
Purpura
Petechia

48
Q

This occurs as the result of a break in a blood vessel that causes a pooling of blood below the surface of the skin, organ, or structure

A

Hematoma

49
Q

This is a type of hematoma that is commonly referred to as a bruise or contusion.
Capillaries below the skin are damaged usually as the result of some type of trauma.

A

Ecchymosis

50
Q

These are red or purple spots on the body that are caused by a hemorrhage.
They are often the result of some type of platelet or coagulation disorder.

A

Purpura

51
Q

This is a type of purpura that consists of very small red or purple spot on the body.

A

Petechia

52
Q

This is the inability of an organ or structure to form properly.
The defective development of an organ can result in the partial or complete loss of an organ.

A

Aplasia

53
Q

is the decrease in size of the cells within an organ or structure.

A

Atrophy

54
Q

common causes of atrophy:

A

Lack of Physical Activity
Poor Nourishment
Nerve Damage
Poor Circulation

55
Q

This is the opposite of atrophy in that there is an abnormal increase in cell size.

A

Hypertrophy

56
Q

Hypertrophy is also sometimes referred to as __________or __________.

A

Hyperplasia or hypergenesis

57
Q

common causes of hypertrophy:

A

An Increase in Physical Activity
Hormonal Changes
Chronic Inflammation

58
Q

This is the abnormal proliferation of foreign cells that form a mass of tissue within an organ or structure.

A

Neoplasm

59
Q

neoplasm will compete for nutrients from the cells that normally comprise the host organ and it is often referred to as a mass or

A

Tumor

60
Q

study of neoplasms

A

Oncology

61
Q

one that is self-limited and will not spread or seed to distant sites within the host organism

A

Benign neoplasm

62
Q

on the other hand, does possess the ability to spread to distant sites in the body.

A

Malignant neoplasm

63
Q

If left untreated or undetected, malignant neoplasms will ultimately result in this condition.
It is characterized by fatigue, atrophy, weakness, and anorexia.
often seen as an end-stage to cancer

A

Cachexia

64
Q

What are the 4 major categories of cancer

A

Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Leukemia
Lymphoma

65
Q

This type of cancer will arise from epithelial cells or tissues such as the breast, colon, or pancreas

A

Carcinoma

66
Q

Relatively rare but highly malignant.
This is cancer of soft tissue or connective tissue such as bone, cartilage, muscle, and fat.

A

Sarcoma

67
Q

This is cancer of the blood and blood forming tissues.

A

Leukemia

68
Q

is characterized by an abnormal proliferation of immature blood cells that do not possess the ability to fight infection

A

Acute leukemia

69
Q

is characterized by an abnormal proliferation of mature blood cells that do not possess the ability to fight infection.

A

Chronic leukemia

70
Q

This type of cancer originates in lymphatic tissues and affects the production of lymphocytes (white blood cells).

A

Lymphoma

71
Q

2 major categories of lymphoma

A

Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma and
Hodgkin’s lymphoma

72
Q

This is the most common type of lymphoma and it is found in the spleen, liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and GI tract.
NHLs are a diverse group of diseases that can develop in any organ that is associated with the lymphatic system and has an unknown etiology

A

Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma

73
Q

This type of cancer is also associated with lymphatic tissue and it was first describe by_____on 1832

A

Thomas Hodgkin

74
Q

This cancer is characterized by the lymph nodes becoming swollen and rubbery yet they remain pain free.
It is definitively diagnosed via lymph node biopsy and finding the presence of Reed-Sternberg Cells. Hodgkin’s disease has an unknown etiology.

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

75
Q

The three primary methods of treating malignancies are as follows:

A

Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy

RADPATHO (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions