Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ESA 3 - Respiratory System > Radiology of Chest and Pleura > Flashcards

Radiology of Chest and Pleura Flashcards

1
Q

Label this chest x-ray

A
  1. Trachea
  2. Hila
  3. Lungs
  4. Diaphragm
  5. Heart
  6. Aortic knuckle
  7. Ribs
  8. Scapulae
  9. Breasts
  10. Stomach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Label this diagram

A
  • A - Right main bronchus
  • B - Trachea
  • C - Aorta
  • D - Left main bronchus
  • E - Carina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens at the carina?

A

The right and left main bronchus join

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Label this diagram

A
  • A - Costophrenic recess
  • B - Costophrenic angle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is this radiograph showing?

A

A lobar collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the radiological indicator of lobar collapse?

A

Displacement of the horizontal fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When is the horizontal fissure displaced upwards?

A

If there is volume loss of the right upper lobe (i.e. in a collapse)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When is the horizontal fissure displaced downwards?

A

If there is volume loss of the right lower lobe (i.e. in a collapse)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is this radiograph showing?

A

Consolidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How can consolidation be identified on a radiograph?

A

Compare the middle zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When is the lung said to be consolidated?

A

If the alveoli and small airways fill with dense material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What may consolidation be due to?

A
  • Infection
  • Fluid
  • Blood
  • Cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What may cause consolidation in infection?

A

Pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When may consolidation due to infection occur?

A

In pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When may consolidation due to fluid occur?

A

Pulmonary oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When may consolidation due to blood occur?

A

Haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When may consolidation due to cells occur?

A

Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens on an x-ray if an area of the lung is consolidated?

A

It becomes dense and white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How can you tell if larger airways have been spared in consolidation of the lung?

A

They are of relatively low density, and therefore appear blacker on a x-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the phenomenon whereby the x-ray of a patient with consolidation appears dense and white known as?

A

Air bronchogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is being shown in this diagram?

A

A large, round, thick-walled lung cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What has caused the cavity in this x-ray?

A

Squamous cell lung carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is being shown in this x-ray?

A

Pleural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a pleural effusion?

A

A collection of fluid in the pleural space

25
Where does fluid gather in a pleural effusion?
In the lowest part of the chest, *depending on the patient's position*
26
What will be shown on an x-ray of a patient with pleural effusion if the x-ray is taken when the patient is standing?
The pleural effusion will obscure the costophrenic angle/hemidiaphragm
27
When is a pleural effusion difficult to see on a x-ray?
When the patient is supine
28
Why is a pleural effusion difficult to see on a x-ray when the patient is supine?
Because the pleural effusion layers along the posterior aspect of the chest cavity
29
How do pleural effusions appear on x-rays?
Uniformly white, with the Meniscus sign
30
What is the Meniscus sign?
A concave area on the top of a pleural effusion, shown on x-ray
31
When does a pneumothorax form?
When there is air trapped in the pleural space
32
Why may a pneumothorax occur?
* May occur spontaneously * May occur as a result of underlying lung disease * Trauma
33
How does trauma cause a pneumothorax?
Laceration of the visceral pleura by a fractured rib
34
When is a pneumothorax a medical emergency?
When it is a tension pneumothorax
35
What is a tension pneumothorax?
If there is tracheal or mediastinal shift away from the pneumothorax, the pneumothorax is said to be under tension
36
What pushes the trachea in a tension pneumothorax?
Air in the pleural cavity
37
Why is the left hemithorax black in a x-ray of a tension pneumothorax?
Because of air in the pleural cavity
38
What are the signs of a tension pneumothorax on an x-ray? ## Footnote *Illustrate these signs on an x-ray*
* The lung lung is completely depressed *(arrowheads)* * The trachea is pushed to the right *(arrow)* * The heart is shiften to the contralateral side, and the right heart border is pushed to the right *(red line)* * The left hemidiaphragm is depressed *(yellow line)*
39
What should you do if you diagnose a pneumothorax clinically?
**Treat the patient**, *do not request an x-ray to confirm*
40
What is shown in this x-ray?
Trachael displacement
41
Label this x-ray
* A - Soft tissue mass * B - Tracheal shift * C - Spinous process * D - Medial clavicles
42
When may the trachea not genuinely be displaced to one side?
If the patient is rotated
43
What should you do if the trachea is displaced to one side?
Try to establish if it has been pushed or pulled by a disease process
44
What will push the trachea and mediastinum away from it?
Anything that increases pressure or volume in one hemithorax
45
Give 3 examples of things that may push the trachea and mediastinum away from it
* Tension pneumothorax * Pleural effusion * Tumour
46
What will pull the trachea towards it?
Any disease that causes loss of volume in one hemithorax
47
Give two examples of things that may pull the trachea towards it?
* Collaped lung * Fibrosis
48
What is this x-ray showing?
Calcified asbestos related pleural plaques
49
Are asbestos plaques malignant or benign?
Generally considered to be benign
50
What is the characteristic apperance of asbestos plaques?
* Irregular * Well-defined * Classically said to look like holly leaves
51
What does this x-ray show?
Lung hyper-extension
52
What can lead to hyperinflation of the lungs?
COPD
53
What does lung hyper-expansion lead to on an x-ray?
* Blunting of both costophrenic angles * Flattened hemidiaphragms
54
What condition is shown in this x-ray?
Pneumoperitoneum
55
What is seen on x-ray with a pneumoperitoneum?
Lungs are normal, but air is seen under the diaphragm
56
What is pneumoperitoneum a sign of?
Bowl perforation
57
What is measured when calculating the cardiac index (cardiothoracic ratio)?
The widest part of heart and ribcage
58
When is the heart said to be enlarged?
If the heart is over 50% the width of the thorax

ESA 3 - Respiratory System (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions