Radiology/ Laser Safety (Mordecai) Exam 1 Flashcards
Who discovered X-ray therapy in 1895?
A) Thomas Edison
B) Marie Curie
C) Wilhelm Roentgen
D) Alexander Graham Bell
C) Wilhelm Roentgen
- While experimenting with currents in a glass tube noticed that a fluorescent screen in the lab began to glow.
- Placed objects between the screen and the tube –> called “x” ray = something unknown
Slide 3
Matching
Match the Type of Radiation with its definition
1 - C) Electromagnetic Radiation
2 - A) Mechanical Radiation
3 - B) Nuclear (Neutron) Radiation
4 - D) Cosmic (Beta) Radiation
Slide 4
What characteristic best describes non-ionizing radiation?
A) It creates ions by knocking electrons off atoms
B) It is unstable and can lead to nuclear decay
C) It is stable and does not break molecular bonds
D) It disrupts cellular DNA directly by breaking molecular bonds
C) It is stable and cannot knock electrons off atoms or break molecular bonds
Slide 5
Which of the following is an example of non-ionizing radiation that could be harmful due to heat energy?
Select 2
A) X-rays
B) Gamma rays
C) Radio waves
D) Alpha particles
E) Microwaves
F) Toasters
C) Radio waves
E) Microwaves
The Brave Little Toaster (1987)
Slide 5
What happens to atoms when exposed to ionizing radiation?
A) They lose protons, forming new elements
B) They lose energy, becoming ionized
C) Their electrons are knocked off, creating ions
D) Their nuclei become unstable, leading to fission
C) Their electrons are knocked off, creating ions
Slide 5
What is a significant intracellular consequence of ion electrical charges from ionizing radiation? Select 2
A) Increased DNA cellular repair mechanisms
B) Breaks in DNA chains causing apoptosis
C) Enhanced immune response
D) Additive of non-ionized particles in DNA
E) Mutations in DNA chains causing cancer
B) Breaks in DNA chains causing apoptosis
E) Mutations in DNA chains causing cancer
Mutated sperm or egg cell = birth defects
Shorse…or is it a Horsk?
Slide 5
Which statement best describes the risk of repeated exposure to ionizing radiation?
A) The risk decreases with each exposure
B) The risk is cumulative with each exposure
C) The risk resets after a 6 months
D) The risk can be subtractive with exposure
B) The risk is cumulative, increasing with more exposure
additive risk - accumulates over time
Slide 5
What is the main difference between X-rays and visible light rays?
A) X-rays are mechanical energy, while visible light is electromagnetic energy
B) The energy level, which is related to wavelength
C) X-rays can be seen by the human eye, while visible light cannot
D) The energy level, which is related to nuclear radiation
B) The energy level, which is related to wavelength
Slide 6
Which of the following statements is true about X-rays and visible light rays?
A) Both are forms of electromagnetic energy carried by photons
B) Both have the same wavelength and carried by photons
C) X-rays have longer wavelengths than visible light rays
D) Both are visible to the human eye
A) Both are forms of electromagnetic energy carried by photons
Photons are light particles
Slide 6
X-rays have __ wavelengths and __ energy.
A) longer, lower
B) shorter, lower
C) same, higher
D) shorter, higher
D) shorter, higher
* * X-rays have shorter wavelengths and higher energy.
Slide 6
Radio waves have ___ wavelengths and ___ energy.
A) shorter, higher
B) longer, higher energy
C) shorter, lower energy
D) longer, lower energy
D) longer, lower
- Radio waves have longer wavelengths and lower energy.
Slide 6
True or False
We can see x-ray and radio waves on either side of the visible spectrum
False
We see the shorter wavelength/higher energy X-ray waves only right side
We see the longer wavelength/lower energyradio waves only left side
Slide 6
What causes light to be emitted from an atom?
A) The movement of protons within the nucleus
B) The collision of atoms with each other
C) The movement of electrons in atoms
D) The expansion of the atomic nucleus
C) The movement of electrons in atoms
Slide 7
When an atom is heated, moving particles excite the atom, causing the electron to jump to a __________ energy level/orbit.
A) Lower
B) Neutral
C) Higher
D) Unchanged
C) Higher
Slide 7
What must happen for an electron to fall back to its original orbit?
A) It must absorb more energy
B) It must lose mass
C) It must release energy
D) It must stop moving
C) It must release energy in the form of a photon
STNG
Slide 7
Why are small atoms less likely to absorb X-ray photons?
A) Their electron orbitals are further apart, with large jumps in energy
B) Their electron orbitals are closer together, with low jumps in energy
C) They have more electron orbitals with lower energy
D) Their electrons move faster at higher orbitals
B) Their electron orbitals are closer together, with low jumps in energy
Slide 8
On X-ray images, soft tissues tend to appear __________ because they are less likely to absorb X-ray photons.
A) Brighter
B) Lighter
C) Grayish
D) Clear
C) Grayish
Small atoms – closer together
Slide 8
Why do bones appear lighter and brighter on X-ray images compared to soft tissues?
A) Bones are composed of small atoms that reflect light
B) Bones are composed of large atoms that absorb more X-rays
C) Bones are denser and absorb less X-rays
D) Bones have more atoms that scatter X-rays
B) Bones are composed of large atoms that absorb more X-ray photons
Slide 8
Which type of atoms are more likely to absorb photons, such as X-rays?
A) Small atoms with closely spaced orbitals
B) Large atoms with closely spaced orbitals
C) Large atoms with greater energy differences between orbitals
D) Small atoms with greater energy differences between orbitals
C) Large atoms with greater energy differences between orbitals
Slide 8
What makes up an electrode pair of an X-ray machine? (select 2)
A) Cathode
B) Canode
C) Anode
D) Anole
B) Cathode
C) Anode
Slide 10
What role does the cathode play in the X-ray machine?
A) It is a positively charged plate that attracts electrons
B) It heats a filament, causing electrons to fly off
C) It creates photons that pass through the body
D) It focuses the X-ray beam on the target area
B) It heats a filament, causing electrons to fly off
Negative charged side of the x-ray tube
Slide 10
What happens to the electrons after they are released from the cathode?
A) They are absorbed by the body
B) They are focused into a beam of light
C) They are attracted to the anode
D) They immediately generate photons
C) They are attracted across the tube to the positively charged anode
Slide 10
What is the primary material used to make the anode in an X-ray machine?
A) Thorium
B) Tantallium
C) Tungsten
D) Thallium
C) Tungsten
Slide 10
What is the primary function of the window in the thick shield that surrounds the X-ray machine?
A) Allows a narrow beam of photons to escape
B) To protect the patient from photons
C) To cool the machine during operation
D) Fires photons whenever tissue gets too close
A) Allows a narrow beam of photons to escape
Slide 11