Radiology in Urology

Question 1

Ultrasound benefits

Answer 1

• Easy to perform
• Can be done in office
• No contrast or IV’s
• No oral prep
• No NPO
• No claustrophobia

Question 2

Scrotal ultrasound

Answer 2

• The scrotum is an easy area to scan
• The study of choice for all intrascrotal pathology
• Indications

Question 3

Normal scrotal ultrasound

Answer 3

• The teste displays homogeneity
• Can compare left and right if needed

Question 4

Abnormal testicular ultrasound (tumor)

Answer 4

• Small white dots are microcalcifications or microlethiasis of the testicle

*commonly present w/ testicular tumors `

Question 5

Testicular torsion

Answer 5

• 1 of the few urological emergencies
• Must return blood supply to the testicle within 6hrs

Question 6

Epididymitis

Answer 6

• Inflammation of the epididymis
• Hypervasculariztion present on US

Question 7

Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

Answer 7

• Requires bowel prep
• Requires IV contrast
• Requires abdominal compression
• IV contrast filters thru the kidneys and is excreted into the collecting system and ureters
• Gives anatomic and functional information

Question 8

Computed tomography scan

Answer 8

• No contrast vs contrasted study
• “Spiral CT stone search”
• Get axial images
• Can perform reconstruction to get saggital and 3D images
• Limited to pts w/ normal renal funciton
• Contrast allergies and reactions

Question 9

MRI scan

Answer 9

• No “contrast” needed
• Gadolinium not renal toxic so can perform in pts. w/ renal impairment
• Get multiplanar imaging
• Long study
• Claustrophobia

Question 10

Simple rules of MRI

Answer 10

• Fatty 1
• Fluidy 2
• In T1 images, fat is bright
• In T2 images, fluid is bright

Question 11

T1 MRI Image

Answer 11

• Fat is bright

Question 12

T2 MRI Image

Answer 12

• Fluid is bright

Question 13

Nucelar medicine studies

Answer 13

• Assess function and obstruction of kidneys
• Assess for bone mets in prostate cancer
• No contrast
• No bowel prep
• Gets you information on function and obstruction of a kidney
• No radiation involved

Question 14

Fluoroscopic studies

Answer 14

• Retrograde pyelogram

*squirting dye up the ureters

• Retrograde urethrogram

*squirting dye into the urethra

• Antegrade nephrostogram

*squirting dye down the kidneys

• Cystogram

*putting dye into the bladder