Radiology Identification/Competency Flashcards by Marian Pacho

A = enamel
B = pulp
C = dentin

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caries

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cervical burnout

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root canals open at the apices of adult incisors

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root canal

“Although the root canal is typically not radiographically
visible in the apical 2 mm of a tooth, anatomically it is
present and contains the vascular and neural supply to
the pulp”

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lamina dura appearing has thin opaque layer of bone around teeth

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lamina dura around a recent extraction socket

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what is this

where is it sharp? where is it blunt?

alveolar crest
sharp anteriorly, blunt posteriorly

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alveolar crest

seen as cortical borders of alveolar bone. continous w/ lamina dura

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PDL space

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A double periodontal ligament space and lamina dura
(arrows) may be seen when there is a convexity of the
proximal surface of the root resulting in two heights of
contour. Double periodontal ligament spaces may also be
seen on the mesial surfaces of both roots of the first
molar.

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cancellous bone

The trabecular pattern in the
anterior maxilla is characterized by
fine trabecular plates and multiple
small trabecular spaces (arrow).

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cancellous bone

The trabecular pattern in the
anterior mandible is
characterized by coarser
trabecular plates (arrow)
and larger marrow spaces
than in the anterior maxilla.

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cancellous bone

The trabecular pattern in the posterior
mandible is quite variable, generally
showing large marrow spaces and sparse
trabeculation, especially inferiorly
(arrows).

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intermaxillary suture

(appears as a curved radioluceny in midline of maxilla)

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The anterior nasal spine is seen as an
opaque irregular, or V-shaped projection from
the floor of the nasal aperture in the midline
(arrow).

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The anterior floor of the nasal
aperture (arrows) appears as
opaque lines extending laterally
from the anterior nasal spine.

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The nasal septum (black
arrow) arises directly above
the anterior nasal spine and
is covered on each side by
mucosa (white arrow).

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The mucosal covering of the inferior concha (arrow) is
occasionally visualized in the nasal cavity.

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The floor of the nasal aperture (arrows)
often may be seen extending
posteriorly from the anterior nasal
spine above the maxillary lateral incisor
and canine.

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The floor of the nasal cavity, or hard palate (arrows),
extends posteriorly, superimposed over the maxillary
sinus.

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nasopalatine canal/incisive foramen

A) The incisive foramen appears as an ovoid
radiolucency (arrows) between the roots of the central
incisors. (B) Note its borders, which are diffuse but within
normal limits.

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nasopalatine canal.

lateral walls of nasopalatine canal extend from incisive foramen to the floor of the nasal fossa

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cone beam image in sagittal plane shows superior foramina in floor of nasal fossa, the anterior and posterior borders of the canal, and the incisive foramen opening onto hard palate

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cone beam image in axial plate at the level of the incisive foramen shows anterior and lateral borders of the incisive canal lying palatal to the incisor roots seen in cross section

lateral fossa radiolucency in region of apex of lateral incisor

soft tissue outline of the nose is superimposed on anterior maxilla

The inferior border of the maxillary sinus (arrows)appears as a thin radiopaque line near the apices of the maxillary premolars and molars.

(A) and (B) The floor of the maxillary sinus (arrows) often extends toward the crest of the alveolar ridge in response to missing teeth.

inverted 'Y' line of Ennis The anterior border of the maxillary sinus (white arrows) crosses the floor of the nasal fossa (black arrow).

Neurovascular canals (arrows) in the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus. Such vascular canals, although typically less prominent, are commonly seen in the walls of the normal maxillary sinus.

Maxillary sinus septa. (A) Septum (arrow) in the maxillary sinus formed by a low ridge of bone on the sinus wall

The zygomatic process of the maxilla (arrows) protrudes laterally from the maxillary wall. Its size may be quite variable: small with thick borders (A) or large with thin borders (B).

The nasolabial soft tissue fold (arrows) extends across the canine-premolar region.

Pterygoid plates (arrows) located posterior to the maxillary tuberosity.

The hamular process (arrow) extends inferiorly from the medial pterygoid plate.

The genial tubercles (arrow) appear as a radiopaque mass, in this case without evidence of the lingual foramen.

lingual foramen on periapical view w/ sclerotic border in symphyseal region of mandible

lingual foramen - con be sagittal section thru mendibular midline showing superior lingual foramen extending deep into the mandible from lingual surface

what are blue arrows

Mental ridge (arrows) on the anterior surface of the mandible, seen as a radiopaque ridge. The mental ridge is most prominent when the beam is angled from well below the occlusal plane.

The mental fossa is a depression on the anterior surface of the mandible and is seen as a radiolucent area with illdefined borders (arrows) in the region of the incisor roots.

The mental foramen (arrow) appears as an oval radiolucency typically near the apex of the second premolar.

The mental foramen (arrow) (over the apex of the second premolar) may simulate periapical disease. However, continuity of the lamina dura around the apex indicates the absence of periapical abnormality.

Inferior alveolar canal. (A) On periapical view, arrows denote radiopaque superior and inferior cortical borders.

Inferior alveolar canal. (B) Cone beam section through the body of the mandible (different patient) shows corticated borders of the inferior alveolar canal.

Inferior alveolar canal. (C) Cone beam cross-sectional view shows the circular inferior alveolar canal with corticated borders lying adjacent to the lingual plate.

Nutrient canals (arrows), demonstrated by radiopaque cortical borders, descend from the mandibular first molar. Nutrient canals at this location are a common finding.

Nutrient canals seen as vertical radiolucent structures (arrows) in the anterior mandible are often associated with periodontal disease as in this patient.

Mylohyoid ridge (arrows), radiopaque thick line, running at the level of the molar apices and above the inferior alveolar canal.

The mylohyoid ridge (arrows) may be dense, especially when a radiograph is exposed with excessive negative angulation.

Submandibular gland fossa (arrows), indicated by a radiolucent region with ill-defined borders and sparse trabecular bone lying inferiorly to the mandibular molars.

External oblique ridge (arrows) on the buccal surface of the mandible, seen as a radiopaque line near the alveolar crest in the mandibular third molar region.