8 - Panoramic Imaging Flashcards
Body section imaging technique (2D) that results in a wide, curved image layer depicting the maxillary and mandibular dental arches and their supporting structures.
panoramic imaging
indications for pano
- Overall evaluation of dentition
- Examine for intraosseous pathology, such as cysts, tumors, or infections
- Gross evaluation of temporomandibular joints
- Evaluation of position of impacted teeth
- Evaluation of eruption of permanent dentition
- Dentomaxillofacial trauma
- Developmental disturbances of maxillofacial skeleton
advantages of pano over full mouth exam
- Broad coverage of facial bones and teeth
- Low radiation dose
- Ease of panoramic radiographic technique
- Can be used in patients with trismus or in patients who cannot tolerate intraoral radiography
- Quick and convenient radiographic technique
- Useful visual aid in patient education and case presentation
disadvantages of pano
- Lower-resolution images that do not provide the fine details provided by intraoral radiographs
- Magnification across image is unequal, making linear measurements unreliable
- Image is superimposition of real, double, and ghost images and requires careful visualization to decipher anatomic and pathologic details
- Requires accurate patient positioning to avoid positioning errors and artifacts
- Difficult to image both jaws when patient has severe maxillomandibular discrepancy
A wide, three-dimensional curved zone, where the structures
positioned within this zone are reasonably well defined on the
panoramic image.
focal trough (image layer)
structures positioned where in the focal trough are the clearest? where less clear?
Structures positioned in the center of the focal trough are the clearest and those that are progressively farther from the center of the focal trough become progressively less clear.
Objects [inside OR outside] the focal trough are blurred, magnified, or reduced in size and are sometimes distorted to the extent of not being recognizable.
outside
closer to xray source = ___
closer to receptor = ___
enlarged; diminished
what is D
(D) Structures between the moving center of
rotation and the receptor form real images
(blue zone).
what is E
(E) Structures lying between the moving
centers of rotation and the receptor that are
imaged twice (green zone) cast double
images. E.g. cervical spine, hard & soft palate,
hyoid, epiglottis
what is F
(F) Structures located between the X-ray
source and moving center of rotation (orange
zone) cast ghost images.
what should be removed when taking a pano
dental appliances, earrings, necklaces, hairpins, and other metallic objects in head and neck region
should the patient follow pano tube head with eyes
no - patient is instructed to look forward
what is achieved by having patients place the incisal edges of max and mandibular incisors into a notched positioning device (bite stick)
anteroposterior head position
the part of the patient must be centered within the focal trough? using what?
midsagittal plane must be centered within focal trough using vertical laser light in the unit
what error
palatoglossal air space
what error
head tipped down “joker” smile
what error:
Head ROTATION to the RIGHT.
Ramus and molars on right
are magnified.
Interproximal overlapping of
posterior teeth.
what error
midline shift left
what error
cervical vertebrae/washington monument
