Radiology Examples Flashcards

1
Q

45 y/o with headache.

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

  • “Star sign”
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2
Q

39 y/o F with right- sided weakness and left 6th nerve palsy.

A

Brainstem glioma

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3
Q

65 y/o alcoholic with confusion. The smaller, inset image is a normal MRI for comparison.

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

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4
Q

13 y/o with ataxia.

A

Von-Hippel-Lindau syndrome with cerebellar hemangioblastomas

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5
Q

57 y/o with seizures.

A

Meningioma

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6
Q

65 y/o M with rigidity.

A

Olivopontocerebellar atrophy

  • Associated with multiple system atrophy (MSA)
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7
Q

45 y/o M with bitemporal hemianopsia.

A

Meningioma arising from dorsum sella

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8
Q

Angiograms after subarachnoid hemorrhage in different patients.

A

Vasospasm

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9
Q

39 y/o M found down.

A

Intraventricular bleed due to AVM

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10
Q

46 y/o M with weakness diffusely.

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

  • Hyperintensity of corticospinal tract
  • Cotricospinal tract
    • Primary motor cortex → posterior limb of internal capsule → cerebral peduncle → pons → lower medulla (pyramids) → decussates! → spinal cord → anterior horn (synapse) → exits ventral horn
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11
Q

36 y/o healthy M with cognitive slowing, personality changes, HIV neg.

A

Gliomatosis cerebri

  • 5% of glioma cases are multicentric
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12
Q

48 y/o M admitted for ETOH withdrawal, became encephalopathic and parkinsonized in hospital.

A

Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis

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13
Q

36 y/o healthy F with left-sided weakness and numbness.

A

Primary CNS lymphoma

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14
Q

89 y/o F with alexia w/o agraphia and aphasia.

A

Remote PCA and MCA stroke

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15
Q

An otherwise healthy 23-year-old man presented with confusion and trouble speaking for 3 days. There was no prior trauma.

A

Herpes encephalitis

  • HSV has predilection for frontal and temporal lobes
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16
Q

9 y/o M with seizures- 3 MRIs in one week.

A

Admission: ganglioglioma

Day 2: Intracranial electrodes

Day 5: Temporal lobectomy

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17
Q

8 y/o boy with mental retardation and seizures. He had operation.

A

Sturge-Weber syndrome

  • “Tram-track” calcifications
  • Underwent hemispherectomy
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18
Q

59 y/o with sudden onset cortical blindness.

A

Bilateral PCA stroke

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19
Q

68 y/o F with left sided visual hallucinations.

A

Hemorrhagic conversion of PCA ischemic stroke

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20
Q

Immuno- compromised patient with seizure.

A

Aspergillosis

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21
Q

35 y/o F with acute R-sided weakness.

A

Thrombosis of inferior sagittal sinus

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22
Q

20 y/o F with psychosis.

A

Limbic encephalitis

  • Limbic system
    • It controls the basic emotions (fear, pleasure, anger) and drives (hunger, sex, dominance, care of offspring)
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23
Q

25 y/o F with headaches.

A

Pseudotumor cerebri

  • “Slit-like” ventricles
  • Empty sella turcica
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24
Q

65 y/o M with dementia.

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)

  • “Double hocky stick” sign
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25
Q

Headache and visual disturbance.

A

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)

  • Due to acute HTN
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26
Q

65 y/o F s/p procedure.

A

Deep brain stimulation for PD

  • Stimulation of subthalamic nucleus
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27
Q

44 y/o M with seizure.

A

Oligodendroglioma

  • Calcifications
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28
Q

65 y/o F with headaches and ataxia.

A

Metastatic disease

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29
Q

Intractable Seizures.

A

Corpus callosotomy

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30
Q

65 y/o F with M with cranial nerve deficits and dysphagia.

A

Meningioma

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31
Q

54 y/o M with HIV, dementia and personality changes.

A

PML

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32
Q

Child with encephalopathy and seizures.

A

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)

  • 100% lesions enhance
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33
Q

34 y/o F with cirrhosis and tremor.

A

Wilson’s disease

  • “Panda” sign
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34
Q

45 year-old man, found down.

A

Combined MCA/PCA stroke

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35
Q

12 y/o with headaches.

A

Developmental venous anomoly (DVA) blocking cerebral aqueduct with significant hydrocephalus

  • DVA
    • Enlarged venous vessels that drain into a large-caliber vein with a characteristic appearance of caput medusa on angiography
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36
Q

21 y/o with many years of seizures, now headache.

A

Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) of tuberous sclerosis

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37
Q

2 elderly patients, acute speech and vision problems.

A

Lobar bleeds in patients with amyloid

38
Q

41 y/o with dementia and ataxia, HIV neg., no cancer.

A

Multiple sclerosis

39
Q

43 M s/p trauma.

A

Hemorrhagic contusions of frontal/temporal lobes

40
Q

Patients with paraparesis and behavioral changes after”

  1. Menigioma embolization and removal
  2. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
A

Bilateral ACA strokes

41
Q

7 y/o with headaches and ataxia.

A

Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (JPA)

42
Q

2 middle aged patients with cranial nerve palsies.

A

Giant serpentine aneurysms

43
Q

57 y/o with old stroke.

A

Wallerian degeneration

44
Q

43 y/o M with stroke.

A

Congenitally absent internal carotid arteries

45
Q

Child with mental retardation and headaches.

A

Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) of tuberus sclerosis

46
Q

3 patients with variable combination of L-sided weakness, neglect, CN3 palsy.

A

Uncal herniation due to tumor bleed, MCA stroke

47
Q

67 y/o with sudden aphasia.

A

Cardioembolic stroke

48
Q

13 y/o M child with mild mental retardation and skin lesions.

A

Neurofibromatosis type 1 and unidentified bright objects (UBOs)

49
Q

67 y/o with dementia.

A

Bad microvascular disease

50
Q

36 y/o M with seizures.

A

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

51
Q

2 y/o F with headaches and restricted upgaze.

A

Pinealcytoma

52
Q

89 y/o M with dementia.

A

Diffuse atrophy of Alzheimer’s diease

  • Especially in medial temporal lobes
53
Q

43 y/o with seizure.

A

Oligodendroglioma

54
Q

Comatose patient with cerebellar mass.

A

Tonsilar herniation

55
Q

Left-sided weakness and neglect. Obviously a tumor, what else is being show.

A

Subfalcine (cingulate) herniation

  • Branches of ACA may be compressed, leading to infarction
56
Q

45 y/o M with cognitive impairment, ataxia.

A

Black holes, multiple sclerosis

57
Q

58 y/o with seizure.

A

Cavernoma

58
Q

70 y/o M with dizziness, hoarseness, hearing loss.

A

Glomus jugulare tumor

  • “Salt and pepper” sign
59
Q

26 y/o F with dysphonia, facial numbness, Horner’s syndrome.

A

Lateral medullary stroke

60
Q

65 y/o F with acute headache.

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)

  • Nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic SAH
61
Q

57 y/o with old stroke.

A

Hydrocephalus ex Vacuo

62
Q

45 y/o M with headaches- lesion has been stable for many years.

A

Subependymoma

63
Q

65 y/o M with dementia.

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) - cortical ribboning

64
Q

62 y/o F with sarcoid- what structures are enhancing.

A

CN III + pituitary stalk

65
Q

45 y/o M with headaches, incidental finding.

A

Mega cisterna magna

66
Q

34 y/o F with headache and seizures.

A

Venous thrombosis

  • Cord sign
  • Empty delta sign
67
Q

Febrile, lethargic newborn.

A

Group B strep meningitis

  • Pial mater enhancement
  • Bilateral bifrontal subdural empyemas
68
Q

Stroke in MRI below.

A

Ulcerated carotid

69
Q

Comatose ICU patient.

A

Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM)

  • “Trident” sign - due to sparing of corticospinal tracts
70
Q

Found down.

A

Global cerebral anoxia

71
Q

A 61 year-old woman presented with right eye pain and proptosis.

A

Carotid cavernous fistula

72
Q

A 65 year-old man with moderate hypertension with progressive dementia.

A

Amyloid angiopathy

73
Q

27 y/o with headache while laughing.

A

Tonsilar herniation - Chiari I malformation

  • “Peg-like tonsils”
74
Q

Failure to develop in 7 month- old.

A

Aqueductal stenosis

  • A thin rim of neural tissue remains
75
Q

Premature baby, initial ultrasound and f/u scans.

A

Germinal matrix hemorrhage (grade IV), porencephalic cyst

  • The germinal matrix contains a rich network of fragile thin-walled blood vessels. Hence the microcirculation in this particular area is extremely sensitive to hypoxia and changes in perfusion pressure.
  • It is most frequent before 35 weeks gestationand is typically seen in very low birth-weight (
76
Q

3 year-old with new-onset clumsiness.

A

Acute cerebellar ataxia

77
Q

Child with marked mental retardation, intractable epilepsy, and severe cerebral palsy.

A

Lissencephaly

  • Smooth cortical surface except for rudimentary sulci in the parietal, frontal, or whole brain
78
Q

Child with slow motor development and progressive enlargement of the skull.

A

Dandy-Walker syndrome

  • Congenital brain malformation:
    1. Enlarged 4th ventricle
    2. Agenesis of cerebellar vermis
    3. Enlarged cisterna magna
  • Malformations of heart, face, limbs, fingers, toes
79
Q

Child with mental retardation.

A

Polymicrogyria (on the right)

80
Q

26 y/o with schizophrenia.

A

Cavum septum pallucidum

  • Incidental finding
  • Associated with schizophrenia
81
Q

Patient with congenital paraplegia and mild mental retardation.

A

Chiari II

  1. Herniation of medulla and cerebellar vermis
  2. Upward herniation of cerebellum through tentorium
  3. Elongation of pons and 4th ventricle
  4. Tectal “beaking” due to fusion of colliculi
  5. Supratentorial abnormalities such as agenesis of corpus callosum
  6. Cerebellar hemispheres envelop the brainstem
82
Q

Infant who “fell down stairs.”

A

Hemorrhages in abused baby

83
Q

Child with mental retardation and seizures.

A

Cortical malformation of left hemisphere

84
Q

Child with mental retardation.

A

Bilateral schizencephaly

85
Q

23 y/o M with back stiffness.

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

  • “Bamboo spine”
86
Q

45 y/o M awoke unable to move legs, no enhancement with contrast.

A

Spinal infarct

87
Q

56 y/o M with severe burning and tingling in extremities.

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency - posterior column lesions

88
Q

5 y/o M with severe burning and tingling in extremities.

A

HIV myelopathy

89
Q

Dorsal Column disease due to metal deficiency.

A

Copper deficiency myelopathy

90
Q

Child with multiple fractures, blue sclera.

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

91
Q

2 cases of kids with pain, weakness, incontinence progressive over several years.

A

Tethered cord syndrome