Radiology Exam 4 Flashcards
Why is the bisecting technique less likely to produce superior diagnostic quality radiographs?
Because it satisfies fewer shadow cast principles
When is the bisecting technique used?
When something in oral prevents us from being able to use the paralleling technique
How is the angle formed when using the bisecting technique?
Formed by the long axis of the tooth and the plane of the image receptor must be bisected
After visualizing the two planes in the bisecting technique, a third line is imagined and that is called the______
bisector
The central x-ray beam is directed ______to the imaginary bisector.
perpendicular
The long axis of the tooth and the plane of the image receptor are NOT______
parallel
When using the bisecting technique, you need a shorter_____-image receptor distance.
target
What size PID is preferred for using the bisecting technique?
8 inch
Although the central beam is normally directed perpendicular to the imaginary bisector, in mandibular regions, it is more of a ______technique due to the position of the teeth.
parallel
What type of receptor holders are appropriate when using the bisecting technique?
short biteblock
snap a ray
wing a ray
Can L shaped receptor holders be used when doing the bisecting technique?
no
Where should patients bite on the receptor when using the bisecting technique?
Patients should bite on the bite block as close to the teeth as possible
How is correct vertical angulation determined?
By imagining the bisector
How is correct horizontal angulation determined when using the bisecting technique?
Using teeth contact points and image receptor. Aim the central ray directly through the contacts of the teeth you are imaging.
What is the recommended angulation for the bisecting technique on canines?
+45 to +55 maxillary
-20 to -30 mandibular
What is the recommended angulation for the bisecting technique on incisors?
+40 to +50 maxillary
-15 to -25 mandibular
What is the recommended angulation for the bisecting technique on premolars?
+30 to +40 maxillary
-10 to -15 mandibular
What is the recommended angulation for the bisecting technique on molars?
+20 to +30 maxillary
-5 to 0 mandibular
How is proper horizontal angulation achieved when using the bisecting technique?
Image receptor must be parallel to the interproximal space or embrasure space of 2 determined teeth, same as paralleling technique.
What happens when an image is foreshortened and what do we need to do to fix this?
there is too much vertical angulation so we need to decrease angulation.
What happens when an image is elongated?
there is not enough vertical angulation so angulation needs to be increased.
What must be done to prevent a cone cut when using the bisecting technique?
receptor must be centered within the x-ray beam to avoid cone cut error. BEAM MUST BE CENTERED OVER THE RECEPTOR
How must the patient be seated when using the bisecting technique?
Occlusal plane must be parallel to the floor.
Because the images are never that pretty when using the bisecting techniuqe, why would you do it?
This technique is used when you can’t achieve the parallel relationship
What type of bite block is needed for the bisecting technique?
short bite block NOT L SHAPED
What is the purpose of a Lateral Cephalometric Projection?
To evaluate facial growth and development, trauma, disease and developmental abnormalities
What is the purpose for a posteroanterior projection?
to evaluate facial growth and development, trauma, and disease and developmental abnormalities.
What is the purpose of the waters projection?
to evaluate the maxillary sinus area
What is the proper receptor placement and head position when taking a waters projection?
The receptor is perpendicular to the floor and the chin touches the receptor, the tip of the nose is .5 to 1 inch from receptor.
What is the submentovertex projection?
it is an image used to identify the position of the condyles, the base of the skull and evaluate the fractures of the zygomatic arch
What is the purpose of the reverse towne projection?
To identify fractures of the condylar neck and ramus area
Where is the receptor placed when doing the reverse town projection and what is the head position?
The top of the forehead touches the receptor. The receptor and the midsagittal plane is perpendicular to the floor and the head is tipped down with the mouth opened as wide as possible.
Interpersonal skills promote good relationships between individuals and build a good____
rapport
What is the process by which information is exchanged between two or more persons?
communication
Listening requires a great deal of self control and ____
concentration
What are the two types of communication skills?
verbal and nonverbal
What are facilitation skills?
interpersonal skills that are used to ease communication and develop a trusting relationship between the dental professional and the patient.
Encouraging questions
Answering questions
Responding with action and
expressing warmth are all examples of
facilitation skills
What is the relationship between the patient and the dental professional known as?
patient relations and affects the first impression, chairside manner and attitude
Who does the first impression of the dental team usually involve?
the dental auxiliary
The way a dental professional conducts himself or herself at the patients chairside is known as___
chairside manner
Why is patient education on radiology critical?
Because many patients don’t understand the importance of dental images and patients that are more educated are more likely to realize the benefits of dental images
What are 3 different methods of patient education?
oral presentation
printed literature
a combo of both
What are things about radiology that patients frequently ask questions about?
necessity, exposure, safety, digital and miscellaneous questions
What is the strong involuntary effort to vomit?
gagging
Retching that is elicited by stimulation of the sensitive tissues of the soft palate region is known as a
gag reflex
What areas are most likely to elicit the gag reflex?
soft palate and lateral posterior third of the tongue
What are the two precipitating factors for the initiation of the gag reflex?
psychogenic stimuli (originates in the mind) tactile stimuli (originating from touch)
Every effort should be made to limit the amount of time that a receptor remains in the ______.
mouth
When taking x-rays, we can potentially avoid stimulating the gag reflex by starting with_____
anterior exposures
Which molar receptor should be placed first to avoid the gag reflex?
premolar before the molar
Which receptor is the most likely to elicit the gag reflex?
maxillary molar
How can we avoid the palate when taking x-rays?
Avoid sliding the receptor along the palate, firmly bring the receptor into contact with palatal tissues using one decisive motion.
How do we demonstrate receptor placement?
by rubbing a finger along the tissues near the intended area of receptor placement, and telling the patient, “this is where the receptor will be positioned.”
What images must be used in the event that the gag reflex is uncontrollable?
extraoral images such as panoramic or lateral jaw images
Which of the following would not be a good idea when trying to prevent a patient from gagging? Saying, "this may make you gag" reassuring the patient distracting the patient suggesting breathing reducing tactile stimuli using a topical anesthetic
Saying, “this may make you gag”
A physical or mental impairment that substantially limites one or more of an individuals major life activities is known as a_____
disability
We must communicate with clear verbal explanations especially when the patient has a_____
vision impairment
Ask the patient how they prefer communication and ask the caregiver to server as an interpreter when the patient has a____
hearing impairment
Ask whether the patient needs assistance when there is a ____
mobility impairment
What is a substantial impairment of mental of physical functioning that occurs before the age of and is of indefinite duration and may also cause problems with coordination or comprehension of instructions?
developmental disabilites
When prescribing dental images for children, it depends not only on the individual needs of the child but also on the ______of the child and their ability to cooperate with the procedures.
age
An imaging examination that includes all of the tooth-bearing areas is recommended at the_________stage, after the first______has erupted.
early mixed dentition/ first permanent molar
What sensors are preferred in pediatric dentistry?
wireless sensors are preferred over wired sensors in pedo
What technique is recommended when taking endo x-ray images?
paralleling
What are reasons we would want to obtain an image for an edentulous patient?
root tips, impacted teeth, lesions, objects in bone, normal landmarks relative to the crest of the alveolar bone, observing the quantity and quality of bone that is present.
What is the most common way to evaluate an edentulous jaw?
panoramic examination
When would we use an periapical exam on an edentulous patient?
If a pano machine is not available
as a follow up to the pano exam
