Radiology and Cross-Sectional Anatomy Flashcards
Axial Section
- horizontal (or parallel to the ground if patient standing)
- most CT is this
sagittal section
- a plane running longitudinally front-to-back
* longitudinal = a section that is cut along the long axis of a structure
coronal section
-any vertical plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral sections
small intestine vs. large intestine
-to distinguish in plain film x-ray
SI
-has plicae circulares: mucosal folds that extend across the entire diameter of the bowel
LI
-has haustra: indent the margin but do not extend across the bowel
Which imaging modality?
-non-specific abdominal pain/distension
-abdominal plain film
Which imaging modality?
-RUQ pain after eating
-Ultrasound (cholecystitis?)
Which imaging modality?
-RLQ pain, nausea, vomiting
- abdominal plain film
- if no obstruction than US (if thin) or CT
Which imaging modality?
-Trauma
-CT with IV contrast
Which imaging modality?
-Pelvic Pain
-US (in younger women) or CT
Spotting mets in the liver
-lower attenuation foci within the liver during portal venous phase
Spotting Acute Cholecystitis
- Distended Gallbladder*
- Surrounding fluid*
- stones and sludge
- thick wall
*most characteristic
Cirrhosis
-characteristics
- left lobe and caudate lobe hypertrophy
- portal hypertension
portal hypertension causes:
- Reversed portal venous flow
- splenomegaly
- varices
- Ascites*
*may notice on plain film that bowel loops are positioned centrally. This can be due to the presence of ascites.
What is present in the RUQ?
- liver
- gallbladder
- hepatic fixture of colon
- right kidney and adrenal gland
What is present in the LUQ?
- spleen
- left lobe of liver
- splenic flexure
- L kidney and adrenal
What lives in the midline of the abdomen?
- Pancreas
- Stomach
- Transverse Colon and small intestine
- Aorta and IVC
Celiac artery
-location
just below the diaphragm at the level of T12
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
-location
-approx 1 cm below the origin of the celiac at the level of the upper half of L1
Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)
-location
- at the level of L3
- approx 3 cm above the aortic bifurcation
in most individuals (~65%) the celiac artery divides into three major branches:
- splenic artery
- gastric artery
- hepatic artery
intraperitoneal organs
covered in a layer visceral peritoneum, a double layer of which (mesentery) connects them to the posterior abdominal wall
Which organs are intraperitoneal?
- liver
- spleen
- uterus
- ovaries
- fallopian tubes
which portions of the GI tract are intraperitoneal?
- First portion of duodenum
- small bowel
- cecum, appendix, transverse and sigmoid colon
- rectum (upper 1/3)
Which organs are retroperitoneal?
- kidneys and adrenals
- IVC and aorta
- pancreas
- duodenum
- ascending and descending colon
