Radiology

Question 1

what is the snowman sign

Answer 1

sign of a pituitary macroadenoma

Question 2

true/false - bitemporal vision loss is reversible

Answer 2

false- it isnt always and depends on time

Question 3

what imaging modalities are commonly used to image the thyroid

Answer 3

scintigraphy, CT, USS

Question 4

what is a normal pattern and quantity uptake of thyroid with Tc99 scintigraphy

Answer 4

homogenous uptake with 0.5-3% uptake on scan

Question 5

uptake of >3% on Tc99 scintigraphy with homogenous uptake is indicative of?

Answer 5

graves disease

Question 6

uptake of <0.5 with homogenous marked less uptake is indicative of?

Answer 6

hashimotos thyroiditis

Question 7

what imaging modalities are good for adrenals

Answer 7

CT/MRI

Question 8

what is the right adrenal posterior to

Answer 8

IVC

Question 9

what is the left adrenal lateral to

Answer 9

aorta and diaphragmatic crus

Question 10

10% rule of phaeochromocytoma

Answer 10

10% bilateral 
10% extra adrenal
10% FHx
10% not HTN associated 
10% in children

Question 11

what may cause focal bone abnormality

Answer 11

trauma
neoplasia
inflammatory
degenerative

Question 12

what may cause a diffuse bone abnormality

Answer 12

osteomalacia/rickets
osteoporosis
pagets disease

Question 13

typical fracture sites in osteoporosis

Answer 13

prox femur
pubic rami or sacrum
thoracolumbar spinal
distal radius

Question 14

how may rickets appear on x ray

Answer 14

non-ossification of soft osteoid

widened, flat phses/metaphyses

Question 15

how may osteomalacia appear on x ray

Answer 15

partial fracture

poor cortico-medullary differentiation

Question 16

how may pagets disese appear on x ray

Answer 16

lytic phase with well defined lucency

sclerotic phase with enlarged bone, increased density and coarse trabeculae

Question 17

how may lytic bone destruction appear in neoplastic disease

Answer 17

medullary lucency and loss of trabeculae
lost inner cortex
potential pathological fracture

Question 18

how may sclerotic bone destruction appear in neoplastic disease

Answer 18

loss of trabeculae
spreading zone of density affecting cortex
featureless white bone
expansion beyond normal bone limit, potential for path fracture

Question 19

what is the most common cause of a sclerotic bone lesion in men?

Answer 19

metastatic prostate cancer