Radiology 2 Quiz 1 Flashcards
What is the minimal diagnostic series for pelvis?
AP
What is the minimal diagnostic series for hip?
AP and frogleg
What is the minimal diagnostic series for knee?
AP and lateral
What is the minimal diagnostic series for ankle?
AP, lateral and medial oblique
What is the minimal diagnostic series for foot?
AP (dorsiplantar), lateral, medial oblique
What is the normal hip joint space ratio of superior, axial and medial margins?
1:1:2
What is the normal/average hip joint space superiorly?
4mm
What is the normal/average hip joint space axially?
4mm
What is the normal/average hip joint space medially?
8mm
On what projection would the pubic symphysis width be measured?
AP pelvis
What is the normal width of the pubic symphysis for males?
4.8-7.2mm
What is the normal width of the pubic symphysis for females?
3.8-6mm
Where do you measure pubic symphysis width?
between joint surfaces at halfway point
On what projection(s) would you measure the teardrop distance?
AP pelvis or hip
What is another name for the teardrop distance?
medial joint space
From where to where is the teardrop distance measured?
most medial femoral head to outer cortex of teardrop
What is the normal tear drop distance?
6-11mn
What is Waldenstrom’s sign?
When the R vs L tear drop distance is 2mm or more different or the unilateral tear drop distance is greater that 11mm. This indicates joint effusion.
To measure acetabular depth, how would you draw the line?
From the superior pubic joint margin to the ipsilateral upper, outer acetabulum. Then draw a line perpendicular to this to measure the greatest distance to acetabular floor
What projection(s) would you measure acetabular depth on?
AP pelvis and hip
What is the normal acetabular depth in males?
7-18mm
What is the normal acetabular depth in females?
9-18mm
What would an acetabular depth less than 9mm indicate?
dysplasia
What projection would you measure the presacral space on?
lateral sacrum
From where to where is the presacral space measured?
anterior sacrum to posterior rectum (indicated by where gas density first appears)
What is the normal value of the presacral space for those under 15?
1-5mm
What is the normal value of the presacral space for those over 15?
2-20mm
What would a prasacral space greater than 15 mm indicate?
abnormal soft tissue
What is another name for the measurement of protrusion acetebuli?
Kohler’s line
What projection would you get the measurement of protrusion acetebuli from?
AP pelvis or hip
What indicates a normal measurement of protrusion acetebuli?
When the acetabular floor does not cross the tangential line from margin of pelvic inlet to outer border of obturator foramen?
What is the line that follows the inferior margin of the superior pubic ramus and is smoothly continuous with medial femoral neck?
Shenton’s line
What if Shenton’s line is interrupted or not smooth?
indicates pathology such as hip dislocation, femoral neck fracture, etc.
On what projection would you draw Shenton’s line?
AP pelvis or hip
What is the line that follows the lateral margin of the ilium, femoral head and femoral neck?
iliofemoral line
What would indicate an normal and abnormal iliofemoral line?
a smooth curvilinear line would be normal
offset line or asymmetry may indicate congenital hip dysplasia
What projection would you measure femoral neck angle on?
AP pelvis or hip
How would you draw the lines to measure femoral neck angle?
one line through the axis of the femoral neck and one line through the axis of the femoral shaft
What is the normal angle at the intersection of the lines drawn to measure femoral neck angle?
120-130 degrees
What is a femoral neck angle less than 120 degrees called?
coxa vara
What is a femoral neck angle greater than 130 degrees called?
coxa valga
How would you draw Skinner’s line?
draw one line parallel to and along the mid shaft of the femur
draw a second line (Skinner’s line) perpendicular to this line and tangential to the tip of the greater trochanter
What should a normal Skinner’s line do?
pass through or below the fovea centralis on the femoral head
What projection would you draw Skinner’s line on?
AP pelvis or hip
On what projection(s) should you draw Klein’s line?
AP and frogleg bilaterally should be done
What is the line that is drawn tangential to the outer margin of the femoral neck, parallel to the neck and intersecting a portion of the femoral head?
Klein’s line
What would indicate abnormality in Klein’s line?
if the line fails to intersect the femoral head and/or if there is asymmetry in femoral head overlap of this line from right to left
What projection would you measure patellar position in?
lateral knee
What is a normal finding when looking at patellar position?
patellar length and patellar tendon length are equal with normal variation up to 20%
What is it called when the patellar tendon length is greater than 20% longer than patellar length?
patella alta
What is it called when the patellar tendon length is less than 20% longer than patellar length?
patella baja
Where is patellar tendon length measured from?
from the apex of the patella to tuberosity of the tibia
On what projection would you measure Bohler’s Angle?
lateral ankle
What is the normal range of Bohler’s Angle?
28-40 degrees
How do you draw the lines to measure Bohler’s angle and where do you measure the angle from?
the three highest points of the superior surface of the calcaneus are connected with two tangential lines and the angle that is formed posteriorly is measured.
What projection would you measure heel pad on?
lateral foot or lateral calcaneus
How is the heel pad measured?
the shortest distance between the plantar surface of the calcaneus and the external skin contour
What is a normal heel pad measurement for males?
25mm or less
What is a normal heel pad measurement for females?
23mm or less
How do you adjust the normal heel pad measurement for body weight?
add 1mm for every 25 pounds of bodyweight over 150lbs
