Radiology Flashcards
What type of fat do juvenile patients have that makes it difficult to read abdominal radiographs due to effacement/silhouetting?
(Brown fat)
Why does fluid being present actually enhance ultrasound visualization?
(Fluid is anechoic on ultrasound, outlines organs very well)
What recumbency does a patient need to be in when taking a horizontal beam radiograph to better see a pneumoperitoneum?
(Left lateral recumbency)
You look at a radiograph and notice a mass in the cranial abdomen. The stomach is displaced dorsally, what organ does this indicate the mass is originating from?
(Liver)
A normal feline spleen thickness on ultrasound should be less than or equal to how many centimeters?
(One centimeter)
(T/F) In a normal feline abdominal lateral radiograph, you should not be able to see the spleen and if you do, splenomegaly should be high on your list of problems.
(T)
The normal axis of the stomach is typically pushed caudally or cranially with hepatomegaly on radiographs?
(Caudally)
The normal axis of the stomach is typically pushed caudally or cranially with microhepatia on radiographs?
(Cranially)
The presence of gas in the liver radiographically indicates what abnormality?
(An abscess)
How can you tell the difference between portal veins and hepatic veins on AUS?
(Portal veins have echogenic borders while hepatic veins do not)
(T/F) The normal spleen is hyperechoic to the liver.
(T)
(T/F) The normal liver is the same echogenicity to the right kidney.
(T)
Which limb of the pancreas in dogs is the pancreaticoduodenal vein associated with?
(Right limb)
What are the two rule outs for microhepatia?
(Portosystemic shunt and cirrhosis)
Cirrhosis causes (normal to decreased or increased) echogenicity?
(Increased)
A hypoechoic liver is more likely related to acute or chronic hepatitis?
(Acute)
(T/F) The normal feline liver is typically hypoechoic when compared to the adjacent falciform fat.
(T)
In dogs, is primary or metastatic neoplasia more commonly involved in liver neoplastic lesions?
(Metastatic)
In a case of pancreatitis, on ultrasound, the pancreas will be hyper/hypoechoic while the peripancreatic fat will be hyper/hypoechoic.
(Pancreas - hypoechoic, fat - hyperechoic)
(T/F) Gas interferes with both ultrasound and radiography imaging.
(F, just ultrasound)
Why is it important to find the ileocolic junction in feline patients on abdominal ultrasound?
(It is a common site for neoplasia)
Which of the bowel sections is always filled with gas and will have shadowing on ultrasound?
(Colon)
(T/F) The mucosa should be thicker than the muscularis in the entirety of the GI tract on ultrasound.
(F, about the same thickness in the stomach)
A foreign body will cause (orad or aborad) fluid distension.
(Orad)
What are the two most common sites for intussusception?
(Jejunum or ileocolic orifice)
Do you maintain the layers of the GI tract on ultrasound of inflammatory diseases?
(Yes)
How does the thickening of the GI tract wall compare in inflammatory versus neoplastic diseases?
(Inflammatory - mild thickening, neoplastic - moderate to severe thickening)
Is the thickening of the GI tract wall due to neoplasia typically hyperechoic or hypoechoic?
(Hypoechoic)
(T/F) Besides being able to see intestinal dilation, abnormal gas patterns, distribution, and intestinal content, you should also be able to reliably see intestinal wall thickening as a radiographic sign of small intestinal disease.
(F, cannot determine a thick wall from a fluid filled intestine)
Why can you not confirm intestinal wall thickening on radiography?
(Fluid in bowel mimics intestinal thickening)
What is the normal radiographic intestinal diameter in dogs (in a comparative sense)?
(<1.6 times L5 body height)
What is the normal radiographic intestinal diameter in cats?
(<12mm)
What are the two types of ileus (which is the failure to pass contents in the bowel)?
(Obstructive and non-obstructive)
What causes non-obstructive ileus?
(Things that can cause paralysis/failure of normal intestinal movement)
How does the radiographic appearance of the dilation due to obstructive versus non-obstructive ileus differ?
(Obstructive - segmental, dramatic dilation, non-obstructive - generalized mild dilation)
Why can duodenal obstruction potentially cause no dilation?
(Luminal content can reflux back into the stomach)
(T/F) Ingesta should be entirely fluid (chyme) by the time it enters the duodenum making structured soft tissue or mineral opaque material being present on radiographs abnormal.
(T)
What is the normal colon diameter (in comparative terms) on radiographs?
(<1.28x the length of L5)
