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E&E Exam 2 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Is a horse’s stomach monogastric?

A

(Yes)

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2
Q

The fundus or saccus cecus in horses is related to the base of what other organ?

A

(Spleen)

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3
Q

What does the margo plicatus demarcate in the stomach?

A

(Non-glandular from glandular)

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4
Q

A unique feature of horses is that the deep leaf of the greater omentum attaches to which organ?

A

(Transverse colon)

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5
Q

What are the two ligaments that form the suspensory ligament of the spleen?

A

(Phrenicosplenic and nephrosplenic ligaments)

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6
Q

What is the significance of the nephrosplenic space? Be specific.

A

(Site for left colon entrapment)

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7
Q

Which of the lobes of the liver in equine is undivided?

A

(Right)

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8
Q

Do horses have a papillary process of their caudate liver lobe?

A

(No)

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9
Q

Is the liver located mostly to the right or left in horses?

A

(Right)

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10
Q

Why do horses not have a gallbladder?

A

(Bc they are continuous grazers, bile is formed by the liver and directly secreted into the small intestines)

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11
Q

Why is it difficult to obtain a liver biopsy in horses?

A

(It is entirely within the thoracic cage and completely over-lapped by the lungs)

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12
Q

The caudate lobe of the liver is connected to what organ, be specific, by the hepatorenal ligament?

A

(Right kidney)

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13
Q

In a horse, the repeated compression of the right lobe of the liver by what organ leads to pressure atrophy?

A

(Right dorsal colon)

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14
Q

Liver biopsies in equine patients are taken on the right side by drawing two lines originating at what structure and terminating at the olecranon and point of the shoulder?

A

(Lines originate at the tuber coxae)

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the perforation in the pancreas in horses?

A

(Aka the portal ring, the portal vein runs through it)

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16
Q

What is the term for the cavity located within the major duodenal papilla that the bile and pancreatic ducts open into?

A

(Hepatopancreatic ampulla)

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17
Q

What is the location (left vs right, ventral vs dorsal) of the jejunum in an equine patient?

A

(Left dorsal)

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18
Q

What organ does the ileum open into in horses?

A

(Cecum)

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19
Q

When the jejunum enters the omental bursa via the epiploic foramen, what type of epiploic entrapment is this?

A

(Antegrade)

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20
Q

When the jejunum pushes the greater omentum in front of it as it passes through the epiploic foramen, what type of epiploic entrapment is this?

A

(Retrograde)

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21
Q

The base of the cecum is partly in the right or left paralumbar fossa of a horse?

A

(Right)

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22
Q

What is the ventral band or taeniae of the cecum attached to?

A

(Nothing)

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23
Q

What is the dorsal band or taeniae of the cecum attached to?

A

(The ileum via the ileocecal fold)

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24
Q

What is the lateral/right band or taeniae of the cecum attached to?

A

(The right ventral colon via the cecocolic fold)

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25
Q

What are the three flexures of the equine ascending colon going from cecum to descending colon?

A

(Sternal, pelvic, and diaphragmatic flexure)

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26
Q

The equine transverse colon is tightly bound to the ventral or dorsal body wall by the transverse mesocolon?

A

(Dorsal body wall)

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27
Q

When you open the linea alba in a laparotomy of an equine patient, the structures you see should be smooth or sacculated?

A

(Sacculated)

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28
Q

What are the five locations that are potential points of obstruction in equine small and large intestines?

A

(Ileocecal orifice, cecocolic orifice, pelvic flexure, diaphragmatic flexure, and the junction between the ascending and transverse colon)

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29
Q

What are the three branches of the celiac artery in horses?

A

(Left gastric, hepatic, and splenic arteries)

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30
Q

What does the colic branch of the ileocolic artery (a branch of the cranial mesenteric artery) supply in horses?

A

(Ascending colon near the cecum → ventral ascending colon)

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31
Q

What does the right colic artery of the ileocolic artery (a branch of the cranial mesenteric artery) supply?

A

(Ascending colon away from the cecum → dorsal ascending colon)

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32
Q

What is the parasitic culprit involved in equine verminous arteritis?

A

(Strongylus vulgaris)

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33
Q

The middle colic artery supplies the transverse colon, what is it a branch of?

A

(Ileocolic artery)

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34
Q

Which of the equine kidneys is heart shaped?

A

(Right)

35
Q

Where are the equine renal mucus glands, which are responsible for the cloudy, frothy appearance of equine urine, located in the kidney?

A

(Renal pelvis and proximal ureters)

36
Q

What are the three non-glandular chambers of the ruminant stomach?

A

(Rumen, reticulum, and omasum)

37
Q

What is the one glandular chamber of the ruminant stomach?

A

(Abomasum)

38
Q

Which of the cow stomach chambers is most cranial?

A

(Reticulum)

39
Q

Which of the adult cow stomach chambers does food enter first?

A

(Rumen)

40
Q

What is the term for the space formed by the ruminal right longitudinal groove and the right accessory groove?

A

(Ruminal island)

41
Q

What is the name for the sac that is the most cranial portion of the rumen and that is formed by the ruminoreticular groove and the cranial groove?

A

(Ruminal atrium or cranial dorsal blind sac)

42
Q

What are the internal structures that correspond to the external ruminal grooves?

A

(The ruminal pillars)

43
Q

What is the term for the opening between the dorsal and ventral ruminal sacs?

A

(Intraruminal ostium)

44
Q

What is the function of the ruminal papillae?

A

(To absorb volatile fatty acids and keep the rumen pH neutral)

45
Q

Are there ruminal papillae present on the roof or pillars of the rumen?

A

(No)

46
Q

What is the difference between the caudal blind sacs in large and small ruminants?

A

(Large - equal size caudal sacs, small - dorsal sac is much smaller than ventral)

47
Q

What are the three openings of the reticulum?

A

(Cardiac opening, ruminoreticular opening, and reticulo-omasal opening)

48
Q

Does milk ingested by calves ever reach the rumen normally?

A

(No, goes directly to abomasum via the gastric groove)

49
Q

Where is the rumen accessed in a rumenotomy?

A

(Left paralumbar fossa)

50
Q

Why is traumatic reticulopericarditis less likely to occur in small ruminants?

A

(Selective grazers → they do not vacuum the ground as cattle do)

51
Q

Is the omasum covered by lesser or greater omentum?

A

(Lesser)

52
Q

Is the omasum larger or smaller than the reticulum in small ruminants?

A

(Smaller)

53
Q

Are there laminae or papillae in the omasum?

A

(Both - papillated laminae)

54
Q

Are the primary laminae the longest or shortest laminae in the omasum?

A

(Longest)

55
Q

Are there laminae or papillae in the abomasum?

A

(Laminae only)

56
Q

What is the purpose of the torus pyloricus?

A

(To make up for the incomplete pylorus in ruminants)

57
Q

What is the term for the valve formed by the two folds at the omasoabomasal orifice?

A

(Vela abomascia)

58
Q

Where does the superficial leaf of the greater omentum attach to the ruminant stomach?

A

(The left longitudinal groove)

59
Q

Where does the deep leaf of the greater omentum attach to the ruminant stomach?

A

(The right longitudinal groove)

60
Q

Which vagal trunk provides parasympathetic innervation to the rumen?

A

(Dorsal vagal trunk)

61
Q

What are the three parts of the gastric groove?

A

(Reticular, omasal, and abomasal)

62
Q

How are hemal nodes distinguished from lymph nodes?

A

(By their dark brown color)

63
Q

(T/F) The left lobe of the liver is dorsal while the right lobe of the liver is ventral in ruminants.

A

(F)

64
Q

(T/F) The main pancreatic duct in cattle is the accessory pancreatic duct which opens into the major duodenal papilla.

A

(F, minor papilla)

65
Q

(T/F) The pancreatic duct opens into the major duodenal papilla along with the bile duct in small ruminants.

A

(T)

66
Q

What are the three parts of the ascending colon in ruminants?

A

(Proximal loop, spiral loop, and distal loop)

67
Q

The spiral loop is located on the left or the right of the mesojejunum in cattle?

A

(Left)

68
Q

(T/F) Cattle do not have a renal pelvis nor a renal crest.

A

(T)

69
Q

What is the unique projection of the pig stomach?

A

(Diverticulum ventriculi)

70
Q

Do pigs and camels have a torus pyloricus like cows?

A

(Yes)

71
Q

Does the liver contact the kidney in pigs?

A

(No)

72
Q

Do pigs have a papillary process?

A

(No)

73
Q

What is the clinical significance of the well-developed fibrous tissue of the porcine liver?

A

(FNA is impossible)

74
Q

The porcine jejunum lies on the left or right of the midline, as it is displaced by the ascending colon to that side?

A

(Right)

75
Q

In which flank, left or right, is the cecum located in pigs?

A

(Left)

76
Q

How many taenia does the porcine cecum have?

A

(Three)

77
Q

Of the centripetal and centrifugal gyri of the spiral ascending colon in pigs, which is sacculated due to having 2 teniae?

A

(Centripetal)

78
Q

(T/F) Pigs have no proximal loop of their colon, no distal loop of their colon, and no sigmoid loop of their colon.

A

(T)

79
Q

(T/F) The kidneys in pigs are symmetrical in the body.

A

(T)

80
Q

(T/F) Bovine patients do not have a renal pelvis.

A

(T)

81
Q

What are the two sacs of the rumen in camelids?

A

(Cranioventral and caudodorsal sacs)

82
Q

What is the outward equivalent of the intraluminal glandular regions of C1 in camels?

A

(Saccular regions)

83
Q

Do camels have a gallbladder?

A

(No)

E&E Exam 2 (6 decks)

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