Food Animal Disease Flashcards
(46 cards)
Bloat results in pressure on what two structures/groups of structures?
(Diaphragm and abdominal vessels → primarily caudal vena cava)
A cow presents to you with signs of bloat and you ask about their diet and the farmer tells you they have been feeding clover since they have an abundance of it, what type of bloat would you be leaning towards?
(Frothy bloat)
What other feed stuff could induce frothy bloat (so besides lush legumes)?
(Alfalfa hay and high grain diets)
The basis of free-gas bloat is that the cardia is not cleared and that results in the cow being unable to eructate. What are three possible causes of the cow not being able to clear the cardia?
(Decreased rumen motility d/t decreased pH or increased VFAs, hypocalcemia, and blockages)
Why will a cow with bloat have an increased heart rate?
(To compensate for the decreased cardiac output due to decreased venous return)
Drenching a cow with soap solution will work for what kind of bloat?
(Frothy → breaks down the bubbles)
Is hardware disease more common in dairy or beef cattle?
(Dairy)
You are performing a withers pinch test on a dairy cow and she bows when you apply pressure, is this a positive or negative result?
(Negative)
What clinical pathology abnormalities may a chronic hardware disease cow have? Three answers.
(Increased fibrinogen, increased plasma proteins, increased A/G ratio)
Changes surrounding what aspect of cattle husbandry is the typical culprit for causing simple indigestion?
(Changes in feed)
How long does it take for ruminal microbes to adapt to new feed?
(1-2 weeks)
What results from excessive consumption of readily fermentable carbohydrates?
(Rumen acidosis aka grain overload or lactic acidosis)
What should you do to diagnose rumen acidosis?
(Rumenocentesis, pH will be less than 5 and there will be no live protozoa)
What are the two types of vagal indigestion and which of them is more common?
(Failure of rumen to empty/omasal transport failure (more common) and abomasum fails to empty/pyloric outflow failure)
Why does the increased motility of the rumen in omasal transport failure vagal indigestion not result in forward movement of ingesta?
(The contractions are all unorganized, do not move the ingesta correctly)
The rumen will be hyper/hypochloremic while the blood will be hyper/hypochloremic in a pyloric outflow failure vagal indigestion.
(Rumen - hyperchloremic, blood - hypochloremic → metabolic alkalosis)
If you perform a Liptak test on a cow that does not have an LDA, what do you expect the pH to be?
(pH of the rumen → 5.5-8)
What two abnormal urine findings would be suggestive of abomasal displacement?
(Ketonuria and acidic urine)
How can you tell the difference between a simple displaced right abomasum and a right torsed abomasum?
(Clinical signs → will be more severe (signs of shock, cool extremities, heart rate 100+ bpm, acutely ill) for right torsed abomasum)
(T/F) Both left and right displaced abomasums can undergo torsion.
(F, only right)
(T/F) The ‘roll and toggle’ or ‘roll and tack’ method can only be used for left displaced abomasums.
(T)
What type of neoplasm is indicated in an abomasal impaction due to pyloric obstructions?
(Lymphosarcoma)
What are two possible etiologies of abomasal ulcers in calves?
(Eating solid feed and copper deficiency)
Why are high producing dairy cows early in lactation more commonly affected by abomasal ulcers?
(Lots of stress → stress ulcers)
