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Diagnostic Imaging > Radiologic "Clinical Decision Rules" and Evaluation of Fractures > Flashcards

Radiologic "Clinical Decision Rules" and Evaluation of Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

What are CDRs?

A

decision making guides

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2
Q

How are CDRs used?

A

questions asked and/or findings noted that help decide whether imaging is necessary or appropriate in trauma injury AND/OR
which imaging modality to use/choose

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3
Q

What can CDRs help avoid?

A

time
expense/cost
radiation exposure

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4
Q

What are some examples of CDR’s?

A 
Pittsburgh Decision Rules 
Ottawa Knee Rules
Ottawa Ankle and Foot rules 
Canadian C-spine rules 
NEXUS criteria
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5
Q

Are PT’s suppose to diagnose fracture?

A

no

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6
Q

What do PT’s need to understand about fracture?

A

terms, concepts and principles to begin to consider implications of trauma, fracture, healing and hardware on patient prognosis/recovery

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7
Q

This term is defined as a break in the structural continuity of bone or cartilage

A

fracture

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8
Q

What are the two categories of fractures?

A

closed

open

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9
Q

This type of fracture is where the skin has not been broken (tenting of skin is still closed)

A

closed

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10
Q

This type of fracture is where the skin has been broken no matter how small an opening

A

open

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11
Q

How are fractures described on film/reports?

A 
site and extent 
type 
alignment
direction of fracture line 
special features
associated abnormalities 
abnormal stress/pathological process 
special considerations in children
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12
Q

This site of fracture is described as a fracture inside the joint capsule

a. intra articular
b. extra articular
c. proximal end
d. distal end

A

intra articular

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13
Q

This site of fracture is described as a fracture outside the joint capsule

a. intra articular
b. extra articular
c. proximal end
d. distal end

A

extra articular

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14
Q

What are two types of fractures?

A

complete

incomplete

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15
Q

This type of fracture is when there are 3 or more fragment pieces

a. complete
b. comminuted
c. incomplete
d. open

A

comminuted

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16
Q

This type of fracture is when the fracture doesn’t extend all the way through

a. complete
b. comminuted
c. incomplete
d. open

A

incomplete

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17
Q

This type of fracture is when the fracture extends through both sides of cortical bone

a. complete
b. comminuted
c. incomplete
d. open

A

complete

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18
Q

What terms define the alignment of fracture?

A

defined
position
displacement
angulation

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19
Q

This term describes the relationship of longitudinal axis of one fragment to the other, in tandem or parallel

a. defined
b. position
c. displacement
d. angulation

A

defined

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20
Q

This term describes the relation of fragments to normal anatomic structure

a. defined
b. position
c. displacement
d. angulation

A

position

21
Q

This term describes the loss of position

a. defined
b. position
c. displacement
d. angulation

A

displacement

22
Q

Angulation is a _ from alignment

A

deviation

23
Q

The distal fragment in relation to proximal fragment and normal anatomic position

A

position description

24
Q

What are two special features?

A

impaction

avulsion

25
Q

This special feature of a fracture is defined as the bone collapsing in on itself

a. impaction
b. avulsion
c. displacement
d. distraction

A

impaction

26
Q

This special feature of a fracture is defined as when a fractured off chunk of bone may pull away

a. impaction
b. avulsion
c. displacement
d. distraction

A

avulsion

27
Q

What are two associated abnormalities?

A

subluxation

dislocation

28
Q

This type of abnormality is described as the joint partly dislocated and potentially reduced itself

a. subluxation
b. dislocation
c. impaction
d. avulsion

A

subluxation

29
Q

This type of abnormality is described as the joint not aligned anymore, the two bones separated

a. subluxation
b. dislocation
c. impaction
d. avulsion

A

dislocation

30
Q

Abnormal stress and pathologic process will show

A

increase radiodensity (radiopaque)

31
Q

What are two special considerations in children?

A

location

difficulties in assess

32
Q

What are three incomplete fractures common in children?

A

greenstick fracture
plastic bowing
torus (buckle) fracture

33
Q

How are fractures corrected and stabilized?

A

reduction

fixation

34
Q

This type of fracture correction is a restoration of fragments to normal anatomic position

a. reduction
b. fixation

A

reduction

35
Q

This type of surgery to correct a fracture is completed in order to straighten things out

a. open reduction
b. closed reduction
c. external fixation
d. internal fixation

A

open reduction

36
Q

This correction of a fracture is when the fragments are straightened without surgery

a. open reduction
b. closed reduction
c. external fixation
d. internal fixation

A

closed reduction

37
Q

This type of fracture stabilization is when fragments are maintained in position

a. reduction
b. fixation

A

fixation

38
Q

Rods outside the limb going into the body maintain fragments in position

a. open reduction
b. closed reduction
c. external fixation
d. internal fixation

A

external fixation

39
Q

Nails, screws, plates, rods, wires are used to maintain fragments in position

a. open reduction
b. closed reduction
c. external fixation
d. internal fixation

A

internal fixation

40
Q

What are 4 potential complications of fragments/fracture union?

A

delayed union
slow union
nonunion
malunion

41
Q

This complication at a fracture site is defined as when the bone doesn’t unite in the usual time frame

a. delayed union
b. slow union
c. nonunion
d. malunion

A

delayed union

42
Q

This complication at a fracture site is when the union is slow

a. delayed union
b. slow union
c. nonunion
d. malunion

A

slow union

43
Q

This complication at a fracture site is when the fracture fails to unite and the two boney ends round off

a. delayed union
b. slow union
c. nonunion
d. malunion

A

nonunion

44
Q

This complication at a fracture site is when the fracture heals but with some deformity (angulation or rotation)

a. delayed union
b. slow union
c. nonunion
d. malunion

A

malunion

45
Q

This complication at a fracture site is defined as a false joint

a. fragment/fracture union
b. pseudoarthrosis
c. osteomyelitis
d. avascular necrosis

A

pseudoarthrosis

46
Q

This complication at a fracture site is defined as a bone infection

a. fragment/fracture union
b. pseudoarthrosis
c. osteomyelitis
d. avascular necrosis

A

osteomyelitis

47
Q

This complication at a fracture site is a loss of blood supply to the bone

a. fragment/fracture union
b. pseudoarthrosis
c. osteomyelitis
d. avascular necrosis

A

avascular necrosis

48
Q

What are other associated complications in soft tissues?

A

arterial injury
nerve injury
compartment syndrome

Diagnostic Imaging (10 decks)

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