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MODULE 2: CLINICAL SCIENCES “A” 54Q > Radiography/Photography - 13% 7Q > Flashcards

Radiography/Photography - 13% 7Q Flashcards

1
Q

what is the peak potential applied to the x-ray tube, which accelerates electrons from the cathode to the anode in radiography or computed tomography

A

kVp

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2
Q

What value represents the number of the electrons multiplied by the time (sec) during which x-rays are shot, which determines the density (or darkness) of a radiograph

A

mAs

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3
Q

Increasing kVp will:

( increase / decrease) penetration and

( increase / decrease) contrast

A

increase

decrease

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4
Q

increasing kVp is goof for body regions with :

A

many different tissue densities

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5
Q

if you suspect root fracture and wish to see it on a radiograph, you should ( increase / decrease ) kVp?

A

decrease

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6
Q

Increasing mA will:

( increase / decrease) number of rays produced and

( increase / decrease) contrast

A

increase

increase

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7
Q

The distance from the x-ray source to the midsaggital plane should be ___in for cephalometric images

A

60 in

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8
Q

The distance from the film to the midsaggital plane should be ___cm for cephalometric images

A

15cm

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9
Q

T/F: Time affects the penetrating power of x-rays

A

False

it only increases the number of photons

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10
Q

kVp x mA x sec/L is the equation for:

A

density

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11
Q

time and mA effect density, but not _________

A

contrast

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12
Q

changes in kVp has an effect on both _________ & ________

A

density and contrast

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13
Q

increasing kVp, mA, or time will ____________ density

A

increase

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14
Q

one way to decrease density is to ( increase / decrease)tube-to-patient distance

A

increase

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15
Q

what type of X-ray is the least reliable for evaluating condylar shape?

A

transcranial x-ray

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16
Q

what part of the TMJ is a transcranial x-ray used to visualize?

A

the lateral pole of the condyle

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17
Q

what imaging is used for diagnosis of internal derangements and anterior disc displacement?

A

arthogram

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18
Q

what diagnostic imaging is used to determine osseous components of TMJ?

A

tomogram

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19
Q

what diagnostic imaging is best for visualizing TMJ soft tissues

A

MRI

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20
Q

when taking a panorex, the patient’s Frankfort horizontal should me positioned:

A

parallel to the floor

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21
Q

During the manual cephalometric processing, development takes ___ minutes and fixation takes ___ min

A

5min

10min

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22
Q

Errors that could lead to light radiographs include:

_________-developed, __________ fixation, ________-exposure

A

underdeveloped

excessive fixation

underexposure

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23
Q

Errors that could lead to light radiographs include:

F-S distance too ______, Film packet __________

A

big

reversed

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24
Q

Errors that could lead to dark radiographs include:

Light _________, ________-developed, _________-exposed

A

light leakage

overdeveloped

overexposed

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25
Q

Errors that could lead to dark radiographs include:

__________ fixation, F-S distance too ________

A

inadequate fixation

distance too short

26
Q

what type of image is created produced after exposure but before development

A

latent image

27
Q

Filtration of x-ray beam with ______________ achieves preferential removal of low energy photons

A

aluminum

28
Q

filtration of x-ray beams with with 2.5mm aluminum ____________ intensity and

______________ mean energy

A

decreases

increases

29
Q

The purpose of using an intensifying screen made of thinner phosphor layer is that it results in increased ________________

A

sharpness

30
Q

Case: when taking lateral cephalograms, double intensifying screens and screen films are used to reduce:

A

exposure time

31
Q

which extra oral radiograph is specially taken to view the maxillary sinuses?

A

Water’s view

32
Q

a submental vertex radiograph is taken

A

below the chin pointing straight up

33
Q

a Towne’s radiograph is chosen to visualize:

A

occipital bone, petrous processes, condyles

34
Q

A Cauldwell radiograph is chosen to visualize

A

frontal and ethmoid sinuses, margins of the orbit

35
Q

doubling the film has what effect on the image

A

none

36
Q

T/F: for a fat individual changing the exposure time in done to ensure that equal penetration is given

A

True

37
Q

If we increase the film-to-patient distance by 5cm, the image:

A

will be slightly enlarged

38
Q

What happened if post-ortho ceph shows smaller Mn?

A

object to film distance was changed

39
Q

is a panorex useful in determining arch perimeter deficiencies or cavities?

A

No

40
Q

the focal trough in a panorex is the :

A

area of dental anatomy reproduced clearly

41
Q

Maximal permissible dose of radiation per week

A

0.01 rem/wk

= 100 milliroentgens/wk

= 0.5/50 weeks

42
Q

earliest sign of excessive radiation

A

Erythema

43
Q

Minimum total filtration required:

A

equivalent of 2.5mm Aluminum

44
Q

Name the oral tissues most sensitive to radiation (2)

A

Developing tooth buds

Salivary glands

45
Q

what part of the x-ray machine narrows field of exposure? It mandatory for patient protection.

A

Collimator

46
Q

Film emulsion is done with these 2 materials:

A

gelatin and silver bromide

47
Q

the tube target in an x-ray machine is made of:

A

Tungsten

48
Q

to obtain optimal detail sharpness, there should be ______ focal spot area, ___________ kVp, ________ object-film distance

A

small

increased

short

49
Q

for clinical photography, the most important aspect during selection of digital camera is

A

resolution

50
Q

best camera for clinical photography has ___mm SLR with a fixed focal length _______ lens

A

35mm

macro lens

51
Q

which file format of photos does not lose quality?

A

TIFF

52
Q

which file format of photos loses the most quality?

A

jpeg

53
Q

CBCT >/< CT :

Radiation amount: CBCT ___ CT

Faster: CBCT ___ CT

Better resolution: CBCT ___ CT

A

< CT

CBCT >

< CT

54
Q

Digital Radiograph produces _____ shades of grey (8 bits)

A

256

55
Q

which radiography has better resolution: traditional or digital?

A

Traditional

56
Q

the human eye can see ___ shades of grey

A

16

57
Q

the greatest source of error in cephalometric is:

A

identification of landmarks

58
Q

increasing the tube distance to the patient will do what to density?

A

decrease it

59
Q

voxel size has an effect on (2)

A

resolution

accuracy

60
Q

T/F: voxel size has an effect on magnification

A

false

61
Q

ABO requires that photos are ___ size, ___ bit color depth, and ___dpi jpeg with medium compression

A

¼

24

300

62
Q

ABO requires that radiographs be ___ bit grayscale and ___dpi JPEG with medium compression

A

8

200

MODULE 2: CLINICAL SCIENCES “A” 54Q (6 decks)

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