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MODULE 2: CLINICAL SCIENCES “A” 54Q > Cephalometrics / Computer Techniques 34% 18Q > Flashcards

Cephalometrics / Computer Techniques 34% 18Q Flashcards

1
Q

what is the Holdaway ratio?

A

1:1 ratio for distance btwn L1 to NB and PG to NB

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2
Q

what is the reference plane for the Rickett’s analysis?

A

frankfort horizontal

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3
Q

In the Rickett’s analysis, what is the facial axis?

A

angle formed btwn basion-nasion plane and the plane from foramen rotundum to gnathion (PTM to Gn)

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4
Q

In the Rickett’s analysis, the facial axis norm is ___ degrees. Greater numbers means the chin is _____________, and lesser means the chin is _____________.

A

90 deg

retrognathic

prognathic

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5
Q

In the Rickett’s analysis, describe the change in facial axis from ages 8-18

A

no change

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6
Q

In the Rickett’s analysis, what two lines form the facial angle?

A

FH & N-Pg

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7
Q

In the Rickett’s analysis, the facial angle is used to:

A

measure the degree of retrusion or protrusion of the lower jaw

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8
Q

In Rickett’s analysis, the average facial angle is ___ deg.

A

88

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9
Q

In the Rickett’s analysis, describe the change in facial angle from ages 8-18

A

increases with age

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10
Q

The mandibular plane angle ( increases / decreases ) with age

A

decreases

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11
Q

E-Line extends from soft tissue tip of nose to soft tissue _________

A

popgonion

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12
Q

The lower lip should be -___mm being E-plane for a 9 y/o

A

-1mm

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13
Q

Which plane does Frankfort horizontal most closely parallel?

A

palatal plane

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14
Q

What is the reference plane for the Downs analysis?

A

Frankfort horizontal

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15
Q

what is Broadbent registration (or point R) used for?

A

superimpositions

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16
Q

A line between which two points makes the facial plane?

A

NPg

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17
Q

AB to NPg relates denture bases to each other and the skeletal profile. If the number is negative, this reflects a Class ____ relationship, if the number is positive, this reflects a Class ___ relationship.

A

II

III

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18
Q

The Y axis is an angle created by __________________- to ___ - ___

A

Frankfort Horizontal to SGn

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19
Q

The average value of Y axis is ___ degrees. Numbers larger than this value indicate a class ___ relationship and numbers smaller than this value indicate a class ___ relationship.

A

59

class II

class III

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20
Q

When treating a class II, we want the Y axis to ( increase / decrease )?

A

decrease

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21
Q

How does the Y axis change as we age?

A

It remains constant

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22
Q

Which cephalometric value is thought to define mandibular growth direction?

A

Y axis

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23
Q

Which two lines form the angle of convexity?

A

NA - APg

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24
Q

What does the angle of convexity measure? Positive number reflect a class ___ relationship while negative number reflects a class ___ relationship.

A

Maxillary prognathism

Class II

Class III

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25
Q

describe Broadbent Registration and name which analysis it is used in

A

Intersection of Bolton- Nasion line and a perpendicular from Sella

Downs

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26
Q

what is the reference plane for the Steiner analysis?

A

SN

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27
Q

SNA, SNB, ANB are used in which analysis?

A

Steiner’s

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28
Q

In Steiner’s analysis, the growth pattern is evaluated with:

A

MPA: Go-Gn to SN

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29
Q

The norms for U1-NA and L1-NB are both ___mm. For Holdaway’s ratio, the ___ - NB should have the same value.

A

4

Pg

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30
Q

According to the S line, the lips should touch a line from ___ to middle of ______. The S line is part of the ________ analysis.

A

Pg

nose lower border

Steiner

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31
Q

The ___________ analysis was the first to offer specific guidelines for Tx planning

A

Steiner

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32
Q

The ___________ analysis was the first to emphasize interrelationship between individual measurements into a pattern

A

Steiner

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33
Q

The McNamara used a (well / ill) defined sample

A

well

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34
Q

The Tweed triangle is comprised of which 3 angles?

A

IMPA

FMIA

FMA

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35
Q

Ideal IMPA angle

A

90

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36
Q

Ideal FMA angle

A

25

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37
Q

High FMA angle is >___ and low FMA angle is

A

>30

<20

38
Q

Ideal FMIA angle

A

65

39
Q

In the Wits analysis a higher ANB correlation is noted due to the use of the ____________ occlusal plane is used as apposed to the ___________ occlusal plane

A

functional

bisected

40
Q

The functional occlusal plane uses molars and __________ while the Down’s occlusal plane uses the molars and bisects __________

A

premolars

incisor OB

41
Q

A negative Wits value indicates a lass ___ relationship while a positive Wits value indicates a class ___ relationship

A

III

II

42
Q

What is the major limitation of the Wits analysis?

A

it does not distinguishing between dental and skeletal problems

43
Q

Name the reliable landmarks for mandibular superimposition (4)

A

Third molar crypt

Inner cortical plate of symphysis

Mandibular canal

Inferior border

44
Q

Name the reliable landmark for maxillary superimposition

A

Hard palate

45
Q

Name the reliable landmarks for cranial base superimposition (3)

A
  1. Anterior clinoid **
  2. Cribriform plate
  3. Greater wing of sphenoid
46
Q

What is a common stable reference for superimpositions?

A

Frankfort horizontal

47
Q

Short Articulare to Pterygomaxillary fissure (Ar-PTM) demonstrates ____________ reflected in other analyses

A

retrognathia

48
Q

anterior facial height is measured between which two points?

A

N-Me

49
Q

posterior facial height is measured between which two points?

A

S - Go

50
Q

ratio of AFH : PHF should be

A

60 : 40

51
Q

upper facial height is measured between which two points? what is the average measurement?

A

N - ANS

60mm

52
Q

lower facial height is measured between which two points? what is the average measurement?

A

ANS - Me

80mm

53
Q

ratio of UFH : LFH should be

A

45 : 55

54
Q

In a PA ceps, petrous portion of temporal bone lies in inferior__/__ of the orbit

A

⅓

55
Q

In a PA ceps, the _______________ line is a radiopaque oblique line that passes through the orbits

A

temporal

56
Q

In a PA ceps, the temporal line is formed by temporal surface of the:

A

greater wing of the sphenoid

57
Q

Basion represents the most inferior-posterior point on the anterior margin of the __________ _________ on the ___________ bone

A

foramen magnum

occipital

58
Q

According to ABO standards, the MP is formed from which two points?

A

constructed Go

Menton

59
Q

According to the ABO discrepancy index, which cephalometric measurements are considered? (3)

A

IMPA

ANB

SN-MP

60
Q

According to the ABO discrepancy index, which dental measurements are considered? (6)

A
  1. OB
  2. OJ
  3. Crowding
  4. Ant or Post crossbites
  5. Ant or Post open bites
  6. Alignment/occlusion
61
Q

According to the ABO discrepancy index, what is the normal range of:

SN-MP?

A

27° - 37°

62
Q

According to the ABO discrepancy index, what is the normal range of:

ANB

A

-2° - 6°

63
Q

According to the ABO discrepancy index, what is the normal range of:

IMPA

A

< 99°

64
Q

The ABO discrepancy index uses which measurement:

FMA or SN-MP?

A

SN-MP

65
Q

According to the ABO discrepancy index, what is the normal value of:

SNA

A

82 deg

66
Q

According to the ABO discrepancy index, what is the normal value of:

SNB

A

80 deg

67
Q

According to the ABO discrepancy index, what is the normal value of:

SN-MP

A

33 deg

68
Q

According to the ABO discrepancy index, what is the normal value of:

FMA

A

24 deg

69
Q

According to the ABO discrepancy index, what is the normal value of:

U1-SN

A

103 deg

70
Q

According to the ABO discrepancy index, what is the normal value of:

L1-MP (IMPA)

A

95 deg

71
Q

According to the ABO discrepancy index, what is the normal value of:

UL - EP

A

-6mm

72
Q

According to the ABO discrepancy index, what is the normal value of:

LL-EP

A

-2mm

73
Q

According to the ABO superimposition standard, reliable sagittal cranial base landmarks include: (2)

A

anterior sella wall

greater wings of sphenoid

74
Q

According to the ABO superimposition standard, reliable vertical cranial base landmarks include: (3)

A

ethmoidal crest

cribriform plate of ethmoid

walker point

75
Q

According to the ABO superimposition standard, secondary cranial base landmarks include: (2)

A

planum sphenoidale

cerebral surface of orbital part of frontal bone

76
Q

According to the ABO superimposition standard, primary maxillary landmarks include: (1)

A

anterior surface of zygoma btwn orbital rim and key ridge

77
Q

According to the ABO superimposition standard, secondary maxillary landmarks include: (1)

A

maxillo-zygomatico-temporal sulci

78
Q

According to the ABO superimposition standard, primary mandibular landmarks include: (3)

A

anterior contour of chin below Pg

inner contour of cortical plate at lower border

IAN

79
Q

According to the ABO superimposition standard, primary mandibular landmarks include: (1)

A

Mineralized tooth germ

80
Q

According to ABO discrepancy index, a loss of ___+ points is a fail. It is desirable to have

A

30

20

81
Q

What parameter is not used to evaluate Tx according to the ABO DI?

A

OB

82
Q

According to the ABO discrepancy index, what is the normal angular difference between: FH and SN

A

7 deg

83
Q

Name the components of the ABO CR index for evaluating treatment outcomes (8)

A
  1. JAMIROCC: Overjet
  2. root angulation
  3. marginal ridge
  4. inclination
  5. rotations
  6. occlusion
  7. contact incisor position
  8. contact occlusion
84
Q

If you use Machine Porion instead of anatomic porion, you can expect FMA and Y-axis to ( increase / decrease )

A

increase

85
Q

Cephalometric analysis was first done by:

A

Tweed

86
Q

With age, we can expect the facial angle to ( increase / decrease ) and the MP to ( increase / decrease )

A

increase

decrease

87
Q

When considering esthetic lines, the E line is measured from _________ to ___________ and was used in the _________ analysis .

A

Tip of nose → soft tissue Pg

Ricketts

88
Q

When considering esthetic lines, the H line is measured as a tangent from _________ to ___________ and was used in the _________ analysis .

A

ST Pog → upper lip

Holdaway

89
Q

When considering esthetic lines, the B line is measured as a tangent from _________ to ___________ and was used in the _________ analysis .

A

St subnasale → ST Pog

Burstone

90
Q

When considering esthetic lines, the S1 line is measured as a tangent from _________ to ___________ and was used in the _________ analysis .

A

Center of S shaped nares curvature → ST Pg

Steiner

MODULE 2: CLINICAL SCIENCES “A” 54Q (6 decks)

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