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RADT 171 - Phys. 2 > Radiographic Technique > Flashcards

Radiographic Technique Flashcards

1
Q

Associated with penetration and quality of x-rays

A

kVp

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2
Q

Controls image contrast

A

kVp

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3
Q

Associated with quantity of x-rays

A

mAs

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4
Q

Controls density of radiographic image

A

mAs

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5
Q

Responsible for patient exposure

A

mAs

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6
Q

3 primary exposure factors

A

kVp, mA, exposure time

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7
Q

Higher kVp = [higher/lower] contrast

A

Lower

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8
Q

Increasing kVp 15% has the same effect as ___ your mAs

A

doubling

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9
Q

Measures mAs to SID ratio (exposure maintenance formula)

A

Direct Square Law

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10
Q

3 types of filtration:

A

inherent, added, compensating

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11
Q

Affects sharpness of image/spatial resolution

A

focal spot size

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12
Q

As focal spot size increases, unsharpness [increases/decreases] and spatial resolution [increases/decreases]

A

increases; decreases

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13
Q

As focal spot size decreases, unsharpness [increases/decreases] and spatial resolution [increases/decreases]

A

decreases; increases

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14
Q

Most common technique chart

A

fixed kVp, variable mAs

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15
Q

Controls exposure time

A

AEC

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16
Q

Two types of radiation measuring devices

A

Phototimers, ionization chamber

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17
Q

Once a predetermined amount of radiation is transmitted through a patient to the AEC detector, which of the following occurs?

A

The x-ray exposure terminates.

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18
Q

Which automatic exposure device works by using a gas-filled chamber?

A

Ionization chamber

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19
Q

Which automatic exposure device works by converting x-ray photons first into light and then into an electronic signal?

A

Phototimer

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20
Q

Which exposure variable is controlled by the automatic exposure control device?

A

Seconds

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21
Q

When using AEC, what should the radiographer adjust to manipulate the subject contrast of the image?

A

kVp

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22
Q

What is the purpose of setting a backup time/mAs?

A

To prevent excessive exposure of the patient

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23
Q

Which of the following is a system that allows the radiographer to select a specific button on the control panel that represents an anatomic area and displays a preprogrammed set of exposure factors?

A

Anatomically programmed technique

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24
Q

In order to become familiar with manual technical factors (i.e., setting mAs and kVp and not using AEC), it is very helpful to pay attention to the:

A

mAs readout

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25
Q

Ensures consistent image quality and to reduce the repeat imaging because of technique error and, in turn, reduce the patient exposure

A

technique chart

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26
Q

When using a fixed kVp-variable mAs technique chart, if part thickness increases by 5 cm, what needs to happen to the mAs?

A

It should be doubled

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27
Q

As mAs increases, the quantity of radiation reaching the IR:

A

Increases

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28
Q

Which of the following technical factors affects the exposure to the IR by altering the amount and penetrating ability of the x-ray beam?

A

kVp

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29
Q

In order to reduce patient exposure, what exposure factors should be considered?

A

higher kVp, lower mAs

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30
Q

For every _____ of part thickness, the radiographer should adjust the mAs by a factor of two.

A

4 to 5 cm

31
Q

T/F: Changes in kVp do not affect the exposure indicator value.

A

False

32
Q

As mAs increases, the quantity of radiation reaching the IR:

A

increases

33
Q

In order to reduce patient exposure, what exposure factors should be considered?

A

high kVp, low mAs

34
Q

How much change in kVp will change the radiation exposure to the IR by a factor of 2?

A

15%

35
Q

Where is the radiographic grid located?

A

Between the patient and the IR

36
Q

T/F: Changes in kVp do not affect the exposure indicator number

A

False

37
Q

T/F: The same mAs and kVp should be used on an AP lumbar spine and a lateral lumbar spine radiograph

A

False

38
Q

What will limit the volume of tissue irradiated?

A

Cone and collimator

39
Q

Which grid design is manufactured to match the divergence of the x-ray beam

A

Focused grid

40
Q

Once a predetermined amount of radiation reaches the AEC detector, what occurs?

A

The exposure is stoppped

41
Q

When using AEC, what should the technologist use to adjust subject contrast on the image?

A

kVp

42
Q

A common cause for repeating images done with AEC is innacurate:

A

centering

43
Q

Accurate patient measurement is most critical with which chart?

A

variable kVp, fixed mAs

44
Q

T/F: AEC can be used with tabletop exams

A

False

45
Q

T/F: Technique charts are not needed if using AEC

A

False

46
Q

AEC devices work by measuring:

A

radiation that exits the patient

47
Q

How many detectors are typically found in an AEC system?

A

3

48
Q

Ionization chamber systems measure radiation [before/after] it interacts with the IR.

A

before

49
Q

The purpose of a backup timer is to:

A

limit unnecessary x-ray exposure

50
Q

What detector(s) should be selected for a right AP shoulder when the patient is supine on the x-ray table?

A

Center detector only

51
Q

The purpose of anatomically programmed techniques is to:

A

present the radiographer with a preselected set of exposure factors

52
Q

When using AEC with digital imaging systems, assuming all other factors are correct, selecting the center detector on a PA chest image results in:

A

increased exposure in the lung area

53
Q

The exposure indicator value reflects excessive exposure to the IR. Which of the following is the best for correcting the exposure error?

A

Decrease mAs by 50%

54
Q

What exposure factor affects both the quality and the quantity of the x-ray beam?

A

kVp

55
Q

Which of the following is not affected by kilovoltage?

A

Spatial resolution

56
Q

Increasing the mAs has __________ effect on brightness displayed in digital imaging.

A

No

57
Q

Which of the following would maintain radiation exposure to the IR when the kilovoltage is decreased by 15%?

A

Double the mAs

58
Q

What exposure factor change is recommended to maintain radiation exposure to the IR when increasing the patient thickness by 5 cm?

A

Double the mAs

59
Q

T/F: An additive pathological disease may require less kVp to maintain adequate exposure to the IR

A

False

60
Q

T/F: When exposure factors are selected using anatomically programmed technique, the variables should not be adjusted.

A

False

61
Q

Generally speaking, patient dose will be decreased with the ____ kVp -____ mAs chart

A

fixed; variable

62
Q

Accurate patient measurement is most critical for the ____ kVp -____ mAs chart

A

variable; fixed

63
Q

What is the purpose of a technique chart?

A

to ensure consistent image quality and to reduce the repeat imaging because of technique error and, in turn, reduce the patient exposure

64
Q

Exposure time will ______ when using AEC when patient thickness decreases.

A

decrease

65
Q

If the backup time/mAs is automatically set by the x-ray unit, the exposure should end when a maximum of _________ has been reached.

A

600 mAs

66
Q

The product of milliamperage and exposure time is ______ proportional to the quantity of x-rays produced

A

directly

67
Q

The original technique is 50 mA at 0.20 s. Which of the following exposure techniques will maintain the same exposure to the IR?
a. 100 mA at 0.10 s and 400 mA at 25 ms
b. 100 mA at 0.10 s and 200 mA at 0.05 s
c. 200 mA at 0.05 s and 400 mA at 25 ms
d. All options are correct

A

D

68
Q

The numerical value that is displayed on the processed image to indicate the level of x-ray exposure received on the digital image receptor is the___________

A

exposure indicator

69
Q

If lower than needed kVp is selected, the digital image will have:
a. higher subject contrast and decreased brightness
b. decreased brightness and increased quantum noise
c. all options are correct
d. higher subject contrast and increased quantum noise

A

D

70
Q

Decreasing collimation results in:
a. lower image contrast and increased patient exposure
b. increased fog and increased patient exposure
c. all options are correct
d. increased fog and lower image contrast

A

C

71
Q

T/F: Negative contrast agents increase the attenuation of the x-ray beam.

A

False

72
Q

The detectors selected for an image should be:

A

the ones that are superimposed by the anatomic structure of interest

73
Q

Using a higher kVp during an AEC examination results in:

A

A shorter exposure time

74
Q

T/F: Using the plus or minus density controls should be done frequently to produce optimal images with AEC

A

False

RADT 171 - Phys. 2 (10 decks)

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