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ANPH1130 - Anatomy and Physiology > Radiographic Skull > Flashcards

Radiographic Skull Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 8 bones in the skull?

A 
1 frontal
2 parietal
2 temporal
1 sphenoid
1 ethmoid
1 occipital
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2
Q

What’s a suture?

A

Joins the bones of the cranium

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3
Q

What are the junctions of the brain?

A

Bregma
Lambda
Pterion
Asterion

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4
Q

What’s joined by the bregma junction?

A

Coronal and sagittal sutures

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5
Q

What’s joined by the lambda junction?

A

Lambdoidal and sagittal sutures

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6
Q

What’s joined by the pterion?

A

Parietal bone, temporal bone and sphenoid bone

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7
Q

What’s joined by the asterion?

A

Occipital bone, parietal bone, and temporal bone

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8
Q

What’s a fontanel and which age group are they found in?

A
  • Soft spot in the skull of an infant
  • Found in infants
  • The bones in a newborn infant are not fully developed
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9
Q

Where are the 7 fontanels located?

A
  • 2 in the sagittal plane
  • Anterior fontanel at bregma
  • Posterior fontanel at lambda
  • 2 at pterion (called sphenoidal fontanel)
  • 2 at asterion (mastoid fontanel)
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10
Q

What are the 3 cranial fossae?

A

Anterior
Middle
Posterior

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11
Q

What’s in the anterior cranial fossa?

A
  • Frontal bone
  • Ethmoid bone
  • Lesser wing of sphenoid bone
  • Frontal lobes of brain
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12
Q

What’s in the middle cranial fossa?

A
  • Body of sphenoid and temporal bones
  • Pituitary gland
  • Hypothalamus
  • Temporal lobes
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13
Q

What’s in the posterior cranial fossa?

A
  • Occipital bone
  • Temporal bone
  • Cerebellum
  • Brainstem
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14
Q

What’s formed by the frontal bone?

A
  • Forehead
  • Roofs of the orbit
  • Most of the anterior part of cranial floor
  • Contains frontal sinuses
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15
Q

What’s the parietal eminence?

A

Smooth rounded surface that forms the widest part of the cranium

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16
Q

What are the 4 parietal borders and their articulations?

A

Superior = Parietal bone (forms sagittal suture)

Inferior = Sphenoid and temporal bones
(forms squamous suture)

Anterior = Frontal bone
(coronal suture)

Posterior = Occipital bone (lambdoidal suture)

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17
Q

What is the zygomatic arch and where is it found?

A

Cheek bones

Found as a zygomatic process that runs anterior on the bone

18
Q

What’s on the inferior portion of the temporal bone?

A
  • Mandiublar fossa that will articulate with the mandible to form the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
19
Q

Where is the mastoid portion of the temporal lobe located?

A

Posterior and inferior to the External Auditory Meatus (EAM)

20
Q

What is the mastoid portion of the temporal lobe?

A
  • Contains mastoid process, which contains several air cells

- Site of muscle attachment

21
Q

What is the purpose of the Internal Audtiory Meatus (IAM)

A

Opening through which the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves pass

22
Q

What is the petrous portion of the temporal bones

A

Triangular part that houses the middle and inner ear

Contains carotid foramen

23
Q

What is the occipital bone?

A
  • Forms posterior part and most of base of cranium
24
Q

What is the purpose of the foramen magnum?

A

Allow the brainstem to travel through

25
Q

Where are the occipital condyles and what are their purpose?

A
  • Either side of the foramen magnum

- To allow head movement

26
Q

What is the purpose of the external occipital protuberance?

A

Attachment site of the nuchal ligament

27
Q

What are the 4 occipital articulations?

A
  1. Parietal bones at lambdoidal suture
  2. Temporal bones
  3. Sphenoid
  4. C1 Atlas forms Atlanta-occipital joints
28
Q

Which bone articulates with all other cranial bones?

A

Sphenoid bone

29
Q

What is the purpose of the sphenoid sinus?

A

Drains into the nasal cavity

30
Q

What is the function of the sella turcica, and where is it located?

A

Located on the superior body of the sphenoid

Houses the pituitary gland

31
Q

Define lesser wing of the sphenoid

A
  • Projects laterally from the upper anterior part of the body
  • Forms part of the orbit
32
Q

Define greater wing of the sphenoid

A
  • Extends laterally from the body and form the anterolateral floor of the cranium
33
Q

Where is the optic foramina found and what is its function?

A

Found between the greater and lesser wing

Allow optic nerve and ophthalmic arteries to pass

34
Q

Where is the ethmoid bone found?

A
  • Midline in the anterior part of the cranial floor
  • Medial to the orbits
  • Anterior to sphenoid
  • Posterior to the nasal bones
35
Q

Which 4 structures does the ethmoid bone form

A
  1. Part of the anterior wall of the cranial floor
  2. Superior portion of the nasal septum
  3. Medial wall of the orbits
  4. Superior side wall of the nasal cavity
36
Q

What is the cribriform plate?

ethmoid bone

A
  • Superior part of the ethmoid

- Contains the olfactory foramina through which the olfactory nerve passes

37
Q

What is the crista galli?

ethmoid bone

A

Process on the superior aspect that serves as an attachment site for membranes

38
Q

What are the lateral masses?

ethmoid bone

A

Compose most of the wall between the nasal cavity and orbits

39
Q

What is the perpendicular plate?

ethmoid bone

A

Forms septum of nose

40
Q

What is the function of the superior and medial nasal concha?

(ethmoid bone)

A

Increase mucus membrane surface area in the nasal cavities

41
Q

What is the function of the ethmoid sinuses?

A

Provide lubrication (mucus) to the inner nose

42
Q

What is the zygomatic arch?

A
  • Formed by zygomatic process of temporal bone and temporal process of the zygomatic bone (side of cheekbone)

ANPH1130 - Anatomy and Physiology (7 decks)

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