Anatomy and Physiology Overview Flashcards
Define anatomy
Science of structure and relationships among structures
Define physiology
Science of how body structures function
What are the 6 levels of organization?
Chemical Cellular Tissue Organ System Organism
Homeostasis
Condition where the internal environment of the body remains stable
What is comprised within a feedback system? (3 parts)
- Receptors monitor changes and send input to a
- control centre that sets the value at which a controlled condition should be maintained, evaluates the input it receives, and generates output commands where they are needed and
- effectors that receive output from the control centre produce a response that alters the controlled condition
Negative feedback system
Response reverses a change in a controlled condition
Positive feedback system
Response strengthens a change in a controlled condition
Disorder
Abnormality of structure and/or function
Disease
Illness within a definite set of signs and symptoms
Symptoms
Subjective changes in body functions that are not apparent to an observer
Signs
Objective changes that can be observed and measured
Aging
Observable changes in structure and function and increases vulnerability to stress and disease
Anatomical position
- Subject stands erect facing the observer
- Head level and eyes facing forward
- Lower limbs parallel and feet flat on the floor and directed forward
- Upper limbs at the sides, with palms turned forward
What are the major divisions of the human body?
- Head
- Neck
- Trunk
- Upper limbs
- Lower limbs
What’s a body cavity?
Spaces in the body that contain, protect, separate and support internal organs
What’s in the cranial cavity?
Brain
What’s in the vertebral canal?
Spinal cord
What are the 3 divisions of the thoracic cavity?
Pericardial cavity
2 pleural cavities
Abdominopelvic cavity
- Separated from thoracic cavity by the diaphragm
- Divided into superior abdominal cavity and inferior pelvic cavity
What are the organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities called?
Viscera
What are the 9 abdominopelvic regions?
- Right hypochondriac region
- Epigastric region
- Left hypochondriac region
- Right lumbar region
- Umbilical region
- Left lumbar region
- Right inguinal region
- Hypogastric region
- Left inguinal region
What are the 4 quadrants of the abdominopelvic region?
- Right upper quadrant
- Left upper quadrant
- Right lower quadrant
- Left lower quadrant
