Radiographic Interpretation - End E1 Flashcards
Dr. Morris
Is this a left or right lateral radiograph?
left lateral
In a lateral small animal X-ray, cranial should go to the [right/left] and dorsal at [top/bottom] of image
left
top
In a medial/lateral animal X-ray, cranial should go to the [right/left] and dorsal at [top/bottom] of image
left
top
In VD views, they should be positioned with cranial at the top of the image and the patient’s [right/left] on the readers [right/left]
patient’s right
reader’s left
Air is [radiolucent/radiopaque]
radiolucent
What are the roentgen signs?
size
shape
number
location
margination
opacity
“Six Socks Neatly Lined, Matching Outfits”
What words would we use to describe this lesion?
mixed areas of radiolucency
varying size of radiolucency contained within the femoral neck
acetabulum - dorsal edges have irregular margins
What could go wrong with x-ray?
3D structure —> 2D image
can cause:
- magnification and distortion
- motion
- summation
- border effacement or silhouette sign
What happens with magnification and distortion with an X-ray?
reduce detail as the image is spread over a larger area
magnification: enlargement of a structure & occurs due to the distance between the structure and receiver
distortion: occurs when the object and receiver are not parallel
What happens with motion with an X-ray?
What happens with summation with an X-ray?
special case of superimposition - kidneys
opacity created that does not represent a structure that is present within the patient
caudal pole or right kidney with cranial pole of left
could be misinterpreted as a mass
What happens with border effacement/silhouette sign with an X-ray?
two structures in contact with each other that has the same opacity
loss of margin distinction
What happens with an underexposed xray?
image is too bright
kVp or mAs is too LOW - need more xrays!
What happens with an overexposed xray?
image is too dark
kVp or mAs is too HIGH - need less xrays!
This image is [over/under]exposed
underexposed
This image is [over/under]exposed
overexposed
What is contrast regarding xrays?
links directly to the differing of opacities discussed earlier based on varying degrees of xray beam exposure
higher kVp: less contrast because more xrays are transmitted through the patient to the plate
What is the different between contrast vs detail?
contrast: differing opacities
detail: spatial resolution or sharpness
What can details be influenced by?
exposure factors
matrix of IP (pixels)
software
monitor
reader’s visual acuity
What is a pixel?
picture element: high number, better image, but larger file
What is DICOM and PACS?
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine - standardized format
PACS: Picture Archiving & Communicating System - did you go into system and find file
