Have a Heart I Flashcards
Dr. Griffin
What are some radiograph assessments of the heart?
What is a vertebral heart sum? Normal range?
sum of long and short axis
8.5-10.5
cats: 7.5
How do you perform a vertebral heart score?
carina to apex
across
take each line and measure parallel to thoracic spine beginning at T4 vertebral body
Why is right side enlargement of the heart hard to see moderate to severe changes?
the right side of the heart should normally be about 2/3 overall
How do you measure heart enlargement?
go instead to the tracheal bifurcation to the apex
What is the normal heart size in a cat?
the long axis is more parallel to the sternum
<2.5 ICS
VHS less than 8 thoracic vertebrae
What is the normal heart size of the cat VD or DV?
approximately half to 2/3 width
What happens with left atrial enlargement?
“backpack” - straightening on caudal dorsal cardiac was it
push trachea upwards
What is happening here?
straightening of caudo-dorsal heart margin due to left atrial enlargement
VD: splitting of mainstream bronchi
When happens with left ventricular enlargement?
problem with aortic valve - aortic stenosis - blood not getting out properly
shunt coming from right ventricle into left ventricle
What is happening here?
left ventricular enlargement
What happens with right atrial enlargement?
struggling to get out of right atrium and tricuspid valve not opening/closing appropriately
bulge on cranial-ventral aspect
With right atrial enlargement, what do you see?
bulge at 9-11 o clock - pushes apex to the left side
bulge on cranial-ventral aspect
What is happening here?
right auricle becomes enlarged
What happens with right ventricular enlargement?
hypertrophy most common
heartworm disease of pulmonic stenosis
The “Reverse D” is due to _____ enlargement
right ventricular
What is right ventricular enlargement because of?
defective pulmonic valve
What is a top differential of an animal having potential drowning and is now struggling to breathe?
non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema - showed an alveolar pattern
What are the pneumonia types?
aspiration pneumonia
bronchopneumonia
viral pneumonia
hematogenous pneumonia
Where is the pulmonary pattern?
ventral alveolar pattern often cranial to mix thorax
aspiration pneumonia/bronchopneumonima
What are the types of pulmonary edema?
cardiogenic - left heart failure
non-cardiogenic
What is cardiogenic pulmonary edema?
secondary to left heart failure
signs of heart and pulmonary vein enlargement
more common than non-cardiogenic
What is non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema?
neurologic
severe allergic reaction
advanced uremia
pancreatitis
irritating inhalants
drowning
radiation damage
inflammation response - distribution is generalized
heart and pulmonary vein size normal, peripheral distribution more common
