radiographic interp Flashcards

1
Q

term

A

1) x-rays
- ionizing beam
2) radiograph
- image obtained using x-ray

radiation is cumulative over time

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2
Q

diagnostic value

A

1) caries
2) pulp
3) tooth integrity
4) bone
5) development
5) anomalies
6) post op treatment

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3
Q

carious lesions

A

1) incipient detection
- 40-50% otherwise overlooked
- caries progresses faster in primary (wider pulp, thinner enamel, less dentin)
2) size and depth
- early detection = early intervention
- consider tooth lifespan
- alloy/resin/GI or SSC

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4
Q

pulpal exam

A

1) proximity of caries to pulp
2) signs of abscess in intra radicular (posterior) and periapical (anterior)
- abscess in furcation:
3) internal resorption or calcification in canals
4) eval of pulpotomy q 1year

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5
Q

alteration in bone

A

1) perio
2) trauma

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6
Q

alteration in dental formation

A

1) amelogenesis imperfecta
2) dentinogenesis imperfecta
3) idiopathic hypocalcification and hypoplasia
4) other anomalies

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7
Q

emergencies

A

1) history of pain, swelling, trauma
2) mobility, except normal exfoliation

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8
Q

post operative review

A

1) post surgery
2) restoration quality
- margins, contour, contacts
3) pulp therapy
- typically not taken except for q 1 year evals of pulpotomies in primary teeth

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9
Q

for children, x-rays:

A

1) lead apron and thyroid shield
2) digital sensor or fast F speed film
3) properly collimated and filtered x ray
4) long open cone
5) exposure record

  • in peds, instructor must approve all radiographs
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10
Q

for parent

A

1) lead apron
2) thyroid shield
3) should not assist if pregnant

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11
Q

for dental staff

A

1) never hold sensors or film in place
2) stand behind a shield or 6 ft away

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12
Q

technical considerations

A

1) digital sensor / F speed
2) good sensor placement
3) careful management of images
4) careful handling sensors
5) safety

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13
Q

risk benefit considerations

A

1) opportunity to education parent about safety, risk/benefit
2) parent wavier of necessary radiographs legally invalid
3) proceeding without necessary radiographs puts dentist and patient at risk

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14
Q

digital radiographs

A

1) direct
- charge coupled device
2) indirect
- photo stimulable phosphor plate
- typical in peds clinic

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15
Q

size 0

A

1) peds
2) smallest
3) less than 7 years
4) BWZ and PA

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16
Q

size 1

A

1) adults and children over 7

17
Q

size 2

A

1) adult posterior
2) older children, BWX and PA and modified anterior occlusals

18
Q

size 4

A

1) large occlusal
2) for most children
3) for max or mand occlusals
5) extraoral lateral view

19
Q

film holding device

A

1) snap a ray
- holding device
- BWX 0,1,2
- BWX 0 (vertical)
- posterior PA 0,1,2
- anterior PA 0,1,2

20
Q

BWX tabs

A

1) adhesive tab for psp sensor to bite on

21
Q

paralleling holder

A

1) XCP
2) bulky for kids
- rarely used

22
Q

pano

A

1) growth and development
2) permanent canine eruption trajectory
- can cause damage if not correct
3) dental anomalies
4) oral pathology
5) TMJ problems

23
Q

pano disadvantage

A

1) teeth are magnified
2) often overlapped
3) 15-22 seconds may be too long
4) midline distortion
- take PAs
5) moving parts are distracting

24
Q

pano quality

A

1) see entire border of mandible
2) TMJs
3) minimal distortion

25
Q

cephs

A

1) lateral and AP views
2) growth patterns
4) less useful for quantifying growth
5) cervical maturation as growth and development measure

26
Q

BWX for

A

1) diagnosis of interprox caries
2) eval of alveolar bone
3) eval restorations and pulp

27
Q

BWX capture

A

1) distal of canine to mesial of perm 1st molar (if erupted)
2) open contacts
3) early adult dentition
- without perm 2 molars (1 BWX)
- with perm 2 (two BWX)

28
Q

modified anterior occlusals

A

1) caries detection
2) pulpal pathosis
3) trauma
4) abnormalities in number of teeth
5) eval dental age and development
6) #2 sensor or film

29
Q

PA look at

A

1) intraradicular and periapical status
2) bone level
3) post trauma changes
4) pulpal therapy
5) dental age and development
6) mandible and maxilla (more distortion)

30
Q

occlusal radiographs

A

1) >6 years size 4
2) supernumerary teeth
3) tooth displacement
4) abnormal eruption
5) fractures, esp mandibular
6) same technique as modified anterior occlusals

31
Q

prescribing radiographs

A

1) no standard prescriptions
2) do it if it will change TP
- is the info already available from patient record
3) consider
- age
- caries risk
- patient history
- patient cooperation
- clinical exam

32
Q

behavioral technique

A

1) parents can assist
- young child, under 3 year
- child with disability
- difficult children
2) gagging
- avoid the word gag
- distraction
- salt back of tongue
- topical anesthetic
- N2O