local anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

case

A

1) 7 year old mike for first time restoration
2) he is anxious but can manage vaccines

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2
Q

local anesthesia is similar

A

1) except for different craniofacial anatomy

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3
Q

superior dental plexus

A

1) posterior, middle, anterior superior branches of maxillary nerve

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4
Q

maxilla

A

1) thinner

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5
Q

mandible

A

1) IA nerve
2) thicker
3) bony structure smaller than adults

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6
Q

mandibular foramen location

A

1) <6 years
- below occlusal plane
2) 6-9
- at the level
2) >9 years
- slightly above

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7
Q

clinical significance of bone density vs maxilla vs mandible

A

1) infiltration is more successful in maxilla

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8
Q

mandibular ramus is

A

shorter and narrower anterior-posteriorly
- avoid facial nerve
- you can use 21 mm short needle

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9
Q

armamentatium

A

1) eye protection
2) molt mouth prop
3) cotton 2x2 gauze
4) needle
5) benzocaine

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10
Q

never bend needle

A

1) needles can break
2) kids move
3) incorrect administration technique

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11
Q

N2O

A

1) anxiolytic
2) distorts time passage
3) raises pain threshold
4) 100% oxygen for 5 minutes to prevent diffusion hypoxia

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12
Q

N2O contraindications

A

1) combative
2) emphysema
3) otitis media
4) nasal obstruction
5) URIs
6) cardiomyopathy
7) severe asthma
8) pregnant women in first trimester

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13
Q

rapid induction

A

1) deliver 30-50% N2O immediately
2) 100% O2 post op

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14
Q

N2O indications

A

1) for anxious but cooperative patients
2) long appointments
3) emergency appointments
4) gag reflex

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15
Q

N2O effects

A

1) tingling
2) floating
3) relaxation, happiness

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16
Q

averse effects of N2O

A

1) falling asleep startled awakening
2) nausea, vomiting due to over sedation
3) chronic N2O/O2 exposure
- birth defects, spontaneous abortion, reduced fertility

17
Q

LA bind to

A

1) sodium channels and prevent action potential

18
Q

maxillary infiltration

A

1) 1,2 molars, canines, laterals, centrals, 1st permanent molar
2) 1/3 carpule
3) 2-3 mm at the mucobuccal fold

19
Q

mandibular infiltration

A

1) not for first permanent molar
2) simple operative procedures

20
Q

interdental infiltration

A

1) soft tissue anesthesia
2) directly into papilla
- perpendicular to long axis of tooth
3) blanching

21
Q

palatal sulcular infiltration

A

1) inject just beyond the depth of mid palatal sulcus

22
Q

palatal infilfration

A

1) for profound pulpal anesthesia is required
2) anesthetize the apical area of the palatal root
- use mirror handle and cotton tip

23
Q

long buccal

A

1) supplement IA
2) when mandibular permanent molars are erupted
3) infiltration next to perm first molar

24
Q

PDL infiltration

A

1) inject at proximal line angle, bevel towards bone
2) 2-3 mm to PDL space
3) contraindication is infection

25
Q

PSA

A

1) not common in peds
2) varying anastomosis in posterior and middle superior nerves

26
Q

IA

A

1) thumb in notch of anterior border of ramus and index finger of posterior border
2) 2/3 carpule and aspirate

27
Q

behavior management

A

1) establish rules, euphemisms, distraction and teamwork

28
Q

hidden syringe

A

1) stabilize the head, chin high
2) assistant uncaps
3) perform injection

29
Q

oral sedation

A

1) medication by mouth, drowsy
2) certification
3) BP and Oxygen monitoring

30
Q

general anesthsia

A

1) deep sedation
2) intubation
3) full mouth rehabilitation / patients with special healthcare needs