Radiographic Exposures: Chapter 8 Flashcards
Describe the 5 PACS models and how they are implemented.
Home-Grown Model: developed by the radiology department and hospital using technical components from various manufacturers to suit the needs of the hospital.
Two-Team Effort Model:based on collaboration of individuals from both outside and inside the hospital to address PACS specifications and a manufacturer to address implementation issues related to the PACS.
Turnkey Model: developed by a manufacturer who sells it to the hospital and accepts full responsibility for implementing the system for use by technologists, radiologists, biomedical engineers, medical physicists, and other related personnel such as information technology (IT) staff.
Partnership Model: manufacturer and the hospital work together to ensure the optimum performance and integrity of the system via training for personnel, upgrading, and general system maintenance.
Application Service Provider (ASP) Model: “system integrator provides all PACS-related service to a client, which can be entire hospital or practice group. No IT requirements are required by the client.
If a CR examination consists of two images with an image size of 2048 X 2048 X 12, how MB of data will make up the file size?
16 MB of data
Communication and integration of all of the____components require the use of communication protocol standards.
these
Define HL-7
A communication standard configured for information systems, which addresses the communication of textual data, such as patient demographics, administration and discharge transfer, and the type of imaging examinations and radiology reports.
What are image data sets? How are they described?
Matrix size, inherent spatial resolution, bit depth, number OD slices, study sizes, and overall image quality.
To operate efficiently and effectively these data sets and distributing images, there are other issues that must be addressed, such as image compression.
What is the data transfer rate of the network called?
bandwidth
Why are network protocols necessary?
To transfer information through the network properly.
What is intranet? Give an example (from the text) where one might be used.
Another type of network based on TCP/IP and used within a single organization, such as the radiology department.
What is a firewall?
” a router, a computer, a computer, or even a small network containing routes and computers that is used to connect two networks to provide security”
Distinguish between online storage, nearline storage, and offline storage.
OLS-cannot be removed and provides immediate access to images (exp.RAM) within seconds.
NLS-removable (exp. RAID) w/ longer image retrieves like times.
OFLS- refers to storage devices that must be retrieved by an individual and loaded into a drive for access to images; course cheap and provides the largest storage capacity.
Define compression ratio. Where is it important?
Element that reduces the size of the image file, and therefore it is a very important variable in studies examining the effects of image compression on image quality.
In a PACS environment, what has an impact on clerical personnel, technologists, and radiologists?
The workflow
Define information system.
A computer-based system that processes data to produce information in a form that can be understood by people using the system in order to solve problems.
What is HIS used for?
To gather not only medical information about a patient but also all activities related to the hospital’s administration, such as billing, accounting, statistics, personnel, budgets, and materials management.
Which standard used in a PACS environment offers the specification of strict requirements on the contents of the image header and the form of the pixel data itself for each type of modality, thereby, improving interoperability?
DICOM
