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Rad Review > Radiographic Exposures > Flashcards

Radiographic Exposures Flashcards

1
Q

FFD

A

Focal Film Distance

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2
Q

SID

A

Source to Image Distance

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3
Q

OFD

A

Object Film Distance

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4
Q

SOD

A

Source to Object Distance

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5
Q

FOD

A

Film to Object Distance

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6
Q

FSS

A

Focal Spot Size

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7
Q

What are the components of a film?

A
  • Supercoat (protection)
  • Emulsion (heart)
  • Adhesive
  • Base
  • Adhesive
  • Emulsion
  • Supercoat
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8
Q

What are characteristics of the Base?

A
  • Transparent
  • Rigid but flexible
  • Untearable
  • Uniform thickness & color
  • Impermeable in water
  • Nonflammable
  • Chemically inactive
  • Dimensionally stable
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9
Q

The highest _____ equals the greatest density.

A

mAs

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10
Q

The fastest film/screen combinations equals the ______ density.

A

Greatest

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11
Q

The _____ grid ratio equals the greatest density.

A

Lowest

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12
Q

The ______ distance (SID/ OID) equals the greatest density.

A

Shortest

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13
Q

The highest kVp equals the ______ density.

A

Greatest

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14
Q

The smallest area of collimation equals the _____ density.

A

Least

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15
Q

Developer/ Reducing agent

Rapidly reduces fine detail shades of gray

A

Phenidone

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16
Q

Developer/ Reducing agent

Slowly produces heavy densities

A

Hydroquinone

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17
Q

Developer/ Activator

Produces alkaline pH, swells gelatin

A

Sodium Carbonate

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18
Q

Developer/ Restrainer

Decreases reducing agent activity, anti fogging agent

A

Potassium

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19
Q

Developer/ Preservative

Controls oxidation, buffer agent

A

Sodium Sulfite

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20
Q

Developer/ Hardener

Hardens emulsion, reduces gelatin swelling

A

Glutaraldehyde

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21
Q

Developer/ Solvent

Dissolves chemicals

22
Q

Fixer/ Clearing agent

Removes undeveloped silver halides from emulsion

23
Q

Fixer/ Activator

Provides acidic pH, stops reduction

A

Acetic Acid

24
Q

Fixer/ Hardener

Hardens emulsion

A

Potassium alum

25
Fixer/ Preservative Maintains pH
Sodium Sulfite
26
Fixer/ Solvent Dissolves chemicals
Water
27
Washer/ solvent Removes excess chemicals
Water
28
Dryer Evaporates water and hardens emulsion
Hot air
29
What does a brown stain on the film mean?
Oxidized developer
30
What does a variegated color pattern on a film mean?
Inadequate rinsing
31
What does a grayish yellow or brown stain on a film mean?
Excessive fixation, or use of exhausted fixer
32
What does a grayish white scum on the film mean?
incomplete washing
33
As mA increases...
- Density increases | - More photons/ more energy
34
As Time increases...
- Density increases - More photons/ more exposure - Sharpness and detail decrease - More time allows for motion
35
As kVp increases...
- Density increases - Contrast decreases - More scatter - More shades of gray
36
As filtration increases...
- Density decreases - Filtration absorbs part of the beam - Contrast decreases
37
As field size increase...
- Density increases - Large area for more scatter - Contrast decreases - From more scatter
38
As motion increases...
- Contrast decreases - Blur makes more grays - Sharpness and detail decreases - Unsharp edges
39
As patient size increases...
- Density decreases - Contrast decreases - Sharpness/ Detail decreases
40
As Grid ratio increases...
- Density decreases - Absorbs scatter - Contrast increases - Scatter is removed by the grid
41
As screen speed increase...
- Density increases - Sharpness/ Detail decreases - Fast makes low detail - Slow screen used for more detail
42
As Focal spot size increases...
- Sharpness and detail decreases | - Smaller spots increases resolution
43
As SID increases...
- Density decreases - Inverse square law - Sharpness/ detail increases - Decreased penumbra
44
As OID increases...
- Density decreases - Contrast increases - Acts like a grid - Sharpness detail decreases - Divergence
45
What is the primary controller of Density?
mA
46
What is the primary controller of Contrast?
kVp
47
Changing the collimation, changes both the density and...
Contrast
48
What are the numbers to the Grid Conversion Chart
Grid Ratio GCF 5: 1 2 6: 1 3 8: 1 4 12: 1 5 16: 1 6
49
What determines when to use a grid?
- Body part thickness exceeds 10 cm | - kVp is above 60
50
What are the (3) types of lead strip positioning?
1. Linear Parallel 2. Linear Focused (hardest, exact SID) 3. Criss cross

Rad Review (5 decks)

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