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Rad Review > Radiographic Exposures > Flashcards

Radiographic Exposures Flashcards

1
Q

FFD

A

Focal Film Distance

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2
Q

SID

A

Source to Image Distance

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3
Q

OFD

A

Object Film Distance

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4
Q

SOD

A

Source to Object Distance

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5
Q

FOD

A

Film to Object Distance

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6
Q

FSS

A

Focal Spot Size

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7
Q

What are the components of a film?

A
  • Supercoat (protection)
  • Emulsion (heart)
  • Adhesive
  • Base
  • Adhesive
  • Emulsion
  • Supercoat
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8
Q

What are characteristics of the Base?

A
  • Transparent
  • Rigid but flexible
  • Untearable
  • Uniform thickness & color
  • Impermeable in water
  • Nonflammable
  • Chemically inactive
  • Dimensionally stable
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9
Q

The highest _____ equals the greatest density.

A

mAs

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10
Q

The fastest film/screen combinations equals the ______ density.

A

Greatest

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11
Q

The _____ grid ratio equals the greatest density.

A

Lowest

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12
Q

The ______ distance (SID/ OID) equals the greatest density.

A

Shortest

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13
Q

The highest kVp equals the ______ density.

A

Greatest

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14
Q

The smallest area of collimation equals the _____ density.

A

Least

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15
Q

Developer/ Reducing agent

Rapidly reduces fine detail shades of gray

A

Phenidone

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16
Q

Developer/ Reducing agent

Slowly produces heavy densities

A

Hydroquinone

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17
Q

Developer/ Activator

Produces alkaline pH, swells gelatin

A

Sodium Carbonate

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18
Q

Developer/ Restrainer

Decreases reducing agent activity, anti fogging agent

A

Potassium

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19
Q

Developer/ Preservative

Controls oxidation, buffer agent

A

Sodium Sulfite

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20
Q

Developer/ Hardener

Hardens emulsion, reduces gelatin swelling

A

Glutaraldehyde

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21
Q

Developer/ Solvent

Dissolves chemicals

A

Water

22
Q

Fixer/ Clearing agent

Removes undeveloped silver halides from emulsion

A

Ammonium

23
Q

Fixer/ Activator

Provides acidic pH, stops reduction

A

Acetic Acid

24
Q

Fixer/ Hardener

Hardens emulsion

A

Potassium alum

25
Q

Fixer/ Preservative

Maintains pH

A

Sodium Sulfite

26
Q

Fixer/ Solvent

Dissolves chemicals

A

Water

27
Q

Washer/ solvent

Removes excess chemicals

A

Water

28
Q

Dryer

Evaporates water and hardens emulsion

A

Hot air

29
Q

What does a brown stain on the film mean?

A

Oxidized developer

30
Q

What does a variegated color pattern on a film mean?

A

Inadequate rinsing

31
Q

What does a grayish yellow or brown stain on a film mean?

A

Excessive fixation, or use of exhausted fixer

32
Q

What does a grayish white scum on the film mean?

A

incomplete washing

33
Q

As mA increases…

A
  • Density increases

- More photons/ more energy

34
Q

As Time increases…

A
  • Density increases
  • More photons/ more exposure
  • Sharpness and detail decrease
  • More time allows for motion
35
Q

As kVp increases…

A
  • Density increases
  • Contrast decreases
  • More scatter
  • More shades of gray
36
Q

As filtration increases…

A
  • Density decreases
  • Filtration absorbs part of the beam
  • Contrast decreases
37
Q

As field size increase…

A
  • Density increases
  • Large area for more scatter
  • Contrast decreases
  • From more scatter
38
Q

As motion increases…

A
  • Contrast decreases
  • Blur makes more grays
  • Sharpness and detail decreases
  • Unsharp edges
39
Q

As patient size increases…

A
  • Density decreases
  • Contrast decreases
  • Sharpness/ Detail decreases
40
Q

As Grid ratio increases…

A
  • Density decreases
  • Absorbs scatter
  • Contrast increases
  • Scatter is removed by the grid
41
Q

As screen speed increase…

A
  • Density increases
  • Sharpness/ Detail decreases
  • Fast makes low detail
  • Slow screen used for more detail
42
Q

As Focal spot size increases…

A
  • Sharpness and detail decreases

- Smaller spots increases resolution

43
Q

As SID increases…

A
  • Density decreases
  • Inverse square law
  • Sharpness/ detail increases
  • Decreased penumbra
44
Q

As OID increases…

A
  • Density decreases
  • Contrast increases
  • Acts like a grid
  • Sharpness detail decreases
  • Divergence
45
Q

What is the primary controller of Density?

A

mA

46
Q

What is the primary controller of Contrast?

A

kVp

47
Q

Changing the collimation, changes both the density and…

A

Contrast

48
Q

What are the numbers to the Grid Conversion Chart

A

Grid Ratio GCF

5: 1 2
6: 1 3
8: 1 4
12: 1 5
16: 1 6

49
Q

What determines when to use a grid?

A
  • Body part thickness exceeds 10 cm

- kVp is above 60

50
Q

What are the (3) types of lead strip positioning?

A
  1. Linear Parallel
  2. Linear Focused (hardest, exact SID)
  3. Criss cross

Rad Review (5 decks)

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