Rad Bio worksheets (part 1) Flashcards
1
Q
Stores energy in body for long period of time
A
Lipids
2
Q
Equilibrium or maintaining normal functions
A
Homeostasis
3
Q
Cell growth that occurs prior to cell division
A
Interphase
4
Q
Period following prodromal, state of acute radiation
A
Latent
5
Q
Phase of mitosis where (2) chromosomes repel each other
A
Anaphase
6
Q
Leukocyte which fights bacteria
A
Granulocyte
7
Q
Reproducing cells
A
Germ Cell
8
Q
Phase of cell division where mitotic spindle is completed
A
Metaphase
9
Q
White blood cells
A
Leukocytes
10
Q
Basic units of heredity
A
Genes
11
Q
Cells that lack adequate amounts of oxygen
A
Hypoxic
12
Q
Small, rod shaped bodies containing genes
A
Chromosomes
13
Q
Protoplasm which exists outside cell nucleus
A
Cytoplasm
14
Q
Genetic cell division reducing chromosomes
A
Meiosis
15
Q
Red blood cells
A
Erythrocytes
16
Q
First stage of acute radiation sickness
A
Prodrome
17
Q
Functioning as the powerhouse of the cell
A
Mitochondria
18
Q
Agents that increase the frequency of occurrence of mutation
A
Mutagens
19
Q
Building material of all living cells
A
Protoplasm
20
Q
White blood stem cells
A
Myoblasts
21
Q
Initiates blood clotting and prevents hemorrhages
A
Thrombocytes
22
Q
Male germ cell
A
Spermatogonium
23
Q
Cell division where a parent cell divides to form two daughter cells
A
Mitosis
24
Q
Female germ cell
A
Oogonium
25
Type of leukocyte which helps fight infection
Neutrophil
26
Circular or oval discs found in blood
Platelets
27
Chemical compound from acid and base reaction
Electrolytes
28
Immature or precursor cells
Stem Cells
29
Large, complex macromolecules made up of nucleotidesis
Nucleic Acids
30
Phase of mitosis where second new daughter cells are formed
Telophase
31
Implies that the biologic response to ionizing radiation is directly proportional to the dose
Linear Nonthreshold dose response curve
32
Deterministic effects
Nonstochastic somatic effects
33
A collection of symptoms
Syndrome
34
Bone marrow syndrome
Hematopoietic form of ARS
35
Probabilistic effects
Stochastic somatic effects
36
Predicts that a specific number of excess cancers will occur as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation
Absolute risk model
37
A 3- year research project that began in 1996 in the Republic of Belarus in the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear peer plant
ETHOS project
38
Reported in 1995 that nearly 700 cases of thyroid cancer among children and adolescents were linked to the Chernobyl accident
World Health Organization
39
Radioactive contrast agent used from 1925 to 1945 that caused liver and spleen cancer in many patients after a latent period of 15 to 20 years
Thorotrast
40
Estimates the risk associated with low level radiation
Linear quadratic, non threshold dose response curve
41
Gas that decays with half life of 3.8 days by way of alpha particle emission
Radon
42
Form of ARS that appears at a threshold dose of approximately 6 Gy (600 rads)
Gastrointestinal syndrome
43
Whole body dose of ionizing radiation that can be lethal to 50% of the exposed population within 30 days
LD 50/30
44
Predicts that the number of excess cancers will increase as the natural incidence of cancer increases in a population with advancing age
Relative risk model
45
A method of dose assessment in which biologic markers or effects of radiation exposure are measured and the dose to the organism is inferred from previously established dose effect relationships
Biologic dosimetry
46
Radiation sickness that occurs in human beings after whole body reception of large doses of ionizing radiation (1gy [100 rads] or more) delivered over a short time
ARS
47
The radiation dose that causes the number of spontaneous mutations occurring in a given generation to increase to two times original number
Doubling dose
48
The production of origin or cancer
Carcinogenesis
49
The period after the initial stage of ARS during which no visible effects or symptoms of radiation exposure occur
Latent period
50
A solitary atom or, most often, a combination of atoms that behaves as an extremely reactive single entity because it has an unpaired electron
Free radical
51
The stage of ARS in which symptoms become visible
Manifest illness
52
The first stage of ARS, which occurs within hours after a whole body absorbed dose of 1 Gy (100 rads) or more; it is characterized by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, and leukopenia
Prodromal stage
53
Damage to an organism that occurs as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation during the embryonic stage of development
Embryologic effects (birth effects/defects)
54
Form of ARS that results when the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system receive ionizing radiation doses of 50 Gy (5000 rads) or more
Cerebrovascular syndrome
55
Loss of hair
Epilation
56
The intensity of radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source
Inverse square law
57
Protects against leakage and scatter radiation
Secondary protective barrier
58
Annual occupational EfD limit
50 mSv (5 rem)
59
Possibility of developing a radiogenic cancer or the induction of a genetic defect as a consequence of radiation exposure
Occupational risk
60
Prevents direct, or unscattered, radiation from reaching personnel on the other side
Primary protective barrier
61
Monthly allowance EqD to the embryo fetus from occupational exposure of a pregnant technologist
.5 mSv (0.05 rem)
62
Beam direction factor
Use factor (U)
63
Annual EqD limit to localized areas of the skin and hands
500 mSv (50 rem)
64
Specified in units of milliampere seconds (mAs) per week or milliampere minutes per week
Workload (w)
65
Automatically covers the Bucky slot opening in the side of the X-ray table during a standard fluoroscopic examination when the Bucky tray is positioned at the foot end of the table
Bucky slot shielding device
66
Required to protect both the radiographer and the patient from off focus or leakage radiation by restricting the emission of X-rays to the area of the useful beam
Diagnostic type protective tube housing
67
Used to modify the shielding requirement for particular barrier by taking into account the fraction of the workweek that the space beyond the barrier is occupied.
Occupancy factor (T)
68
Permits the radiologist and assisting radiographer to remain outside the fluoroscopic room at a control console behind a protective barrier until needed
Remote control fluoroscopic system
69
Mode of operation in which the exposure rate may significantly exceed the rate used in routine fluoroscopy
High level control
70
Should be positioned between the fluoroscopist and the patient to intercept scattered radiation above the tabletop during a fluoroscopic examination
Spot film device protective curtain
71
A permanent protective barrier for the radiographer that is located in an x-ray room housing stationary (fixed) radiographic equipment
Control booth barrier
72
A radiation worker's whole body lifetime EfD must be limited to the person's age in years multiplied by 10 mSv (years x 1 rem)
Cum EfD limit
73
All the radiation that arises from interactions of an x-ray beam with the atoms of an object in the path of the beam
Scatter radiation
74
Principle the holds that occupational exposure of the radiographer and other occupationally exposed persons should be kept as low as reasonably achievable
ALARA concept
75
The EqD to the reproductive organs that if received by every human being, would be expected to cause an identical gross genetic injury to the total population as does the sum of the actual doses received by exposed individual population members
GSD
76
The radiation that results from the interaction between primary radiation and the atoms of the irradiated object and the off focus or leakage radiation that penetrates the x-ray tube protective housing; this radiation consists of scattered radiation and leakage radiation
Secondary radiation
77
Glasses with optically clear lenses that contain a minimal lead equivalent protection of .35mm
Protective eyeglasses
78
X-rays emitted through the x-ray tube window or port
Useful (primary) beam
79
Special garments (e.g. aprons, gloves, and thyroid shields) that conventionally are made of lead impregnated vinyl and are worn during fluoroscopic and certain radiographic procedures
Protective Apparel
80
A portable device for producing real time (motion) images of a patient; this device holds an x-ray tube at one end and a image intensifier at the other end
C- arm fluoroscope
