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Radiation Physics > Radiobiology > Flashcards

Radiobiology Flashcards

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1
Q

What does ALARA stand for?

A

as low as reasonably achievable

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2
Q

True or False: Collimate to the smallest field size of the desired anatomy

A

True

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3
Q

True or False: Radiography should not be used in place of physical examination

A

True

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4
Q

When is full body shielding mainly used? Partial shielding?

A

Full Body shielding: Extremity radiography

Partial shielding: cervical and thoracic radiography

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5
Q

Do you perform P-A or A-P views with pediatric patients?

A

P-A

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6
Q

What is radiosensitivity of cells is dependent on their rate of maturation or differentiation and metabolism?

A

1906 law of Bergonie and Tribondeau?

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7
Q

What does Linear Energy Transfer measure?

A

the rate which energy is transferred from ionizing

radiation to soft tissues

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8
Q

What happens to LET when the ability of ionizing radiation to produce a biological response increases?

A

LET increases

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9
Q

What is the Oxygen effect?

A

Tissues are more sensitive under an oxygenated state

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10
Q

True or False: Humans are more radiosensitive before birth.

A

True

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11
Q

What are some agents that enhance radiosensitivity?

A
  • halogenated pyrimidines
  • vitamin K
  • methotrexate
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12
Q

What is radiolysis of water?

A

When H2O is irradiated and separates into free radicals

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13
Q

What is the Direct effect?

What is the Indirect effect?

A
  • X-rays directly hit a DNA molecule

- X-rays hit an H2O molecule releasing an ion radical that will hit a DNA molecule indirectly

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14
Q

True or False: Linear Dose response is directly proportional to radiation dose and are non-threshold type

A

True

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15
Q

True or False: deterministic effect leads to cell killing

A

True

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16
Q

What is the Stochastic effect expressed by?

A

cancerogenesis, mutations and hereditary changes

17
Q

What fetal development period is most vulnerable to radiation effects?

A

organogenesis 3-7 weeks

18
Q

What does Rad measure?

A

how much energy is absorbed per unit mass

19
Q

True or False: Dose versus cell recovery time are inversely related

A

True

20
Q

What does 1 Grey equal?

A

100 Rads

21
Q

What is Roentgen? Rad? Rem?

A

Roentgen: measures amount of gamma or X-rays in air
Rad: measures absorbed energy from radiation
Rem: measures biological damage from radiation

22
Q

What does 1 Sv (Sievert) equal?

A

100 Rem

23
Q

what is it called when animals receive low radiation dose express better survival ability

A

hormesis

Radiation Physics (7 decks)

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