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Physics HHS > Radioactivity > Flashcards

Radioactivity Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the mass number

A

Number of protons + neutrons

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2
Q

What is the atomic number

A

Number of protons

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3
Q

What does the atomic number identify

A

What element it is

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4
Q

What does the mass number identify

A

The version (isotope) of an element

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5
Q

What is an isotope

A

An element with the same atomic number (number of protons) but different mass number (number of neutrons)

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6
Q

What stops alpha particles

A

Thin paper

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7
Q

What stops beta particles

A

Thin aluminium foil

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8
Q

What stops gamma particles

A

Thick lead

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9
Q

Which particle has the highest ionising potential

A

Alpha

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10
Q

Which particle has the lowest ionising potential

A

Gamma

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11
Q

What particle has the highest penetrating power

A

Gamma

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12
Q

Which particle has the lowest penetrating power

A

Alpha

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13
Q

What is ‘activity’

A

Number of counts (decays/disintegrations) per seconds

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14
Q

What is decay measured in

A

Becquerals (Bq)

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15
Q

What does a film badge do

A

Show you what radioactive particle you’ve been exposed to, based on which material has been exposed

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16
Q

What is half life

A

The time taken for half a radioactive substance to decay

17
Q

What two things happen when a nucleus decays

A

Energy decreases
Neutrons decreseases

18
Q

What does spontaneous mean

A

When you don’t know when it’s going to happen

19
Q

Random

A

No

20
Q

What is the Alpha composition

A

Helium nucleus
4
2

21
Q

Gamma balanced decay equation with
7 Be
4

A

7 Be. + 0Y
3. 0

22
Q

Alpha particle

A

Helium nucleus
4atomic mass, 2 protons
2+ charge and so a big particle and highly ionising
Because of this they only travel a few centimetres in air and are stopped by paper

23
Q

Beta particle

A

Fast moving electron from nucleus
Happens when a neutron changes into a proton and electron which is ejected from the nucleus
It only has a single charge so is smaller and relatively less ionising
This means it can travel a bit further in air and is stopped by thin aluminium

24
Q

Gamma particle

A

Has no charge and is a very small particle
They have lots of energy, a high frequency and electromagnetic radiation meaning it travels quite far in air and is stopped by a few cms of lead
They are photons and have no charge so rarely interact with anything so travel far

Physics HHS (3 decks)

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