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Instrument > Radio Navigation > Flashcards

Radio Navigation Flashcards

0
Q

What is the frequency range that VOR transmitters may be in?

A

108-117.95

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1
Q

VOR is an abbreviation for what?

A

Very high frequency Omni directional Range

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2
Q

When first built, VOR ground transmitters are aligned with what?

A

Magnetic north

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3
Q

How many radials does a VOR transmitter have?

A

360

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4
Q

How do VORs work?

A

Directional signal - rotates at 1800 RPM
Reference signal - Omni directional, emitted when variable signal is at magnetic north
Receiver measures phase shift between the 2 signals

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5
Q

What is the service volume of a high altitude VOR?

A

1,000-14,500’ 40 nm radius
14,500-18,000’ 100 nm radius
18,000-45,000’ 130 nm radius
45,000-60,000’ 100 nm radius

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6
Q

Where can a pilot look up a VOR to see if it is a high altitude, low altitude, or terminal VOR?

A

A/FD

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7
Q

What is the service volume of a low altitude VOR?

A

1,000-18,000’ 40 nm radius

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8
Q

What is the service volume of a terminal VOR?

A

1,000-12,000’ 25 nm radius

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9
Q

Where can a pilot look up VOR unreliable areas?

A

A/FD

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10
Q

Can VOR signals generally be received by an aircraft when the aircraft is below 1,000’ AGL?

A

Yes, as long as no terrain gets in the way

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11
Q

CDI is an abbreviation for what?

A

Course Deviation Indicator

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12
Q

Each dot on the CDI scale equals how many radials off?

A

2 degrees

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13
Q

What does it mean when the red nav flag shows on a VOR CDI?

A

Something is wrong

You can’t use it for navigation anymore

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14
Q

OBS is an abbreviation for what?

A

Omni Bearing Selector

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15
Q

A pilot has just tuned in a VOR transmitter. What must the pilot then do to determine if the VOR transmitter is reliable?

A

Listen for correct station identifier (morse code)

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16
Q

In addition to the morse code identifier being transmitted, what 2 additional types of information might come from a VOR?

A

Hiwas

FSS

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17
Q

To avoid reverse sensing when using a VOR, a pilot must follow what 2 techniques?

A

OBS must match heading

Top of VOR/HSI will take me To the VOR station

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18
Q

What does it mean when the HDG red flag on an HSI is showing?

A

Compass warning flag

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19
Q

Where is the VOR come of confusion?

A

Area directly over the VOR

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20
Q

What does the CDI needle, NAV flag, and TO/FROM flag do when flying across the cone of confusion above a VOR transmitter?

A

Erratic needle
Nav flag may come on
TO/FROM flag will switch back and forth or disappear completely

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21
Q

How does a pilot know that they have finished crossing over a VOR?

A

TO/FROM flag flip

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22
Q

Where is the zone of ambiguity on a VOR? What will the to/from flag do when in the zone of ambiguity?

A

Area 90 degrees to either side of selected course

To/from flag unclear

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23
Q

What does line of sight mean?

A

That radio waves do NOT bend around mountains

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24
Q

DME is an abbreviation for what?

A

Distance Measuring Equipment

25
Q

DME transmitters are typically located at what 2 types of places?

A

At many VORs

On some airports

26
Q

Which component in a DME system sends the first signal?

A

The aircraft

27
Q

DME equipment in the aircraft shows what information?

A

NM from the station

28
Q

DME distance is measured as what?

A

Slant range

29
Q

Will DME radio waves bend around mountains?

A

No

30
Q

What 2 types of VORs have DME?

A

VOR DME and VORTACs

31
Q

Do some instrument approaches require DME?

A

Yes

32
Q

When flying IFR what 2 requirements must be met for GPS distance to be used instead of DME?

A

IFR certified GPS

Database so up to date

33
Q

In the transponder system, what piece of equipment sends out the first interrogation signal?

A

Ground station

34
Q

Most ATC radar antennas rotate once every how many seconds?

A

12 seconds

35
Q

On a transponder, what does it mean when the REPLY light illuminates?

A

When you get hit by an interrogation signal

36
Q

When a pilot pushes the IDENT button on a transponder, what happens on the ATC radar screen?

A

Your reply will be brighter than everyone else’s

37
Q

Mode A has what type of information transmitted?

A

Squawk codes

Transponder signal

38
Q

Mode C has what type of information transmitted?

A

Squawk codes

Altitude

39
Q

If mode C transmits pressure altitude, how do ATC controllers know what true altitude an aircraft is flying?

A

ATC computers plug in the altimeter setting to fix to true altitude

40
Q

Do transponder signals bend around mountains?

A

No

41
Q

GPS is an abbreviation for what?

A

Global Positioning System

42
Q

How many satellites are in the GPS system?

A

24

43
Q

How many satellites must be received in order to get 2 dimensional navigation?

A

3

44
Q

How many satellites must be received in order to get 3 dimensional navigation?

A

4

45
Q

What does 3 dimensional GPS navigation include?

A

Latitude
Longitude
Altitude

46
Q

How many satellites must be received in order to get RAIM?

A

5

47
Q

RAIM is an abbreviation for what?

A

Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring

48
Q

What is RAIM?

A

The GPS receiver is determining if it can navigate accurately

49
Q

WAAS is an abbreviation for what?

A

Wide Area Augmentation System

50
Q

What does WAAS do for enabled receivers?

A

Improves accuracy, integrity and availability of GPS signals

51
Q

What are the 3 sensitivity modes for GPS navigation WITHOUT WAAS, and what is full scale deflection for each mode?

A

En route - 5 nm
Terminal - 1 nm
Approach - 0.3 nm

52
Q

What are the 3 sensitivity modes for GPS navigation WITH WAAS, and what is full scale deflection for each mode?

A

En route - 2 nm
Terminal - 1 nm
Approach - <0.3 nm

53
Q

Do fly over GPS waypoints have to be crossed over before turning?

A

Yes

54
Q

Do fly by GPS waypoints have to be crossed over before turning?

A

No

55
Q

What are the 3 distinct functional elements that make up GPS?

A

Space
Control
User

56
Q

How much can helicopter rotor speeds cause the VOR CDI to fluctuate?

A

+- 6 degrees

57
Q

Who uses TACANS?

A

Military

Naval forces

58
Q

What 2 components make up a VORTAC?

A

VOR & TACAN

59
Q

How can a pilot know a NAVAID is undergoing maintenance?

A

The code identification is removed

60
Q

What is the accuracy of DME while within 199 nm?

A

Reliable signals may be received with an accuracy of better than 1/2 mile or 3% of the distance

61
Q

Aircraft using GPS navigation under IFR must also be equipped with what?

A

An approved and operational alternate means of navigation appropriate to the flight

Instrument (13 decks)

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