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Radio Navigation Flashcards

1
Q

In relation to radio waves - the number of crests that go past in a second are known as …..

A

the frequency

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2
Q

Frequency is measured in …..

A

Hertz

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3
Q

kHz = how many waves in a second …..

A

in the thousands

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4
Q

MHz = how many per second …..

A

millions

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5
Q

VHF radio waves are very ….. and travel through space in ….. …..

A

very energetic and travel through space in straight lines

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6
Q

VHF transimissions are often referred to as …..

A

line of sight transmissions

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7
Q

Most of the energy in a VHF transmission goes out through the …..

A

skywaves

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8
Q

VLF transmissiond tend to send out most of their energy into ….

A

the ground and flow through the earth as groundwaves

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9
Q

If a signal needs to travel great distances and follow the curvature of the earth what is best …..

A

VLF

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10
Q

If high quality is required then …… is used

A

VHF, UHF or SHF

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11
Q

LF transmission have a ….. groundwave but a ….. skywave

A

strong groundwave and a weak skywave

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12
Q

The NDB uses a …..

A

groundwave

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13
Q

NDB’s operate in a frequency band of ….. to …..

A

200 to 400 khz

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14
Q

Because the NDB uses LF its range is …..

A

not limited by LoS

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15
Q

Rated coverage of NDB’s can be from ….. to …..

A

30nm to 500nm

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16
Q

Carful of the ….. ….. stations when identifing a NDB

A

commercial AM broadcast

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17
Q

Sometimes the ….. can interfere with the proper function of the …..

A

skywave can interfere with the proper function of the ADF

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18
Q

Rated coverage of an NDB can be found in the …..

A

ERSA

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19
Q

NDB errors:

Night Effect -

A

The NDB sky waves can reflect off the ionosphere causing the signal to arrive later than the groundwave at the ADF causing interference

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20
Q

NDB errors:

Co-channel interference -

A

caused by other transmitters in the area transmitting on or adjacent frequencies

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21
Q

NDB errors:

Thunderstorm effects -

A

The radio frequencies transmitted by a CB can interfear with the NDB signals

22
Q

NDB errors:

Costal refraction -

A

When the signal travels over surfaces that change it causes it to bend. When it travels over the coast onto the water the signal bends towards the coast

23
Q

Aircraft experiencing costal refraction will need to do what to their heading when feet dry …..

A

alter their heading

24
Q

NDB errors:

Quadrantal Error -

A

This is interference caused by the structure of the aircraft interacting with the incoming signal

25
The displacement of the ADF needle from the zero or the 180 position always represents .....
the angle at which the aircraft is presently sitting across the track to or from the station
26
Describe homing to an NDB .....
When you keep the needle at the 000 position till you are at the NDB. In zero wind this will be a straight line In a cross wind this will be a curved path to the NDB
27
When tracking to a from an NDB on a constant heading any deflection on the point or the tail of the needle is equal to the .....
drif being experienced
28
When tracking to an NDB we are looking for ..... on the ADF
the point
29
describe the ADF formula for the to and from results .....
Add the present heading to the ADF point indication The sum of these is the to station The bearing from the station is the from number less 1800
30
to and from heading = 085 ADF = 033
085 + 033 = 118M to the station 298M from the station
31
to and from: Heading = 226 ADF = 280
226 + 280 = 506 - 360 = 146M to the station 146 + 180 = 326 from the station
32
to and from: Heading = 144 ADF = 200
144 + 200 = 344 to the station 344 - 180 = 164 from the station
33
to and from: Heading = 333 ADF = 150
333 +150 = 483 - 360 = 123 to the station 123 + 180 = 303 from the station
34
VOR When the CDI is centred the aircraft is positioned .....
on the selected track to or from the station
35
VOR When the CDI is on the edge of the centre circle the aircraft is .....
20 off the selected track
36
VOR Each of the dots on the face of the VOR is .....
20
37
VOR The heading of the aircraft .....
has nothing to do with the signal that is received
38
The VOR is completely ......
independent of the aircrafts heading
39
The To/From indication will change if you turn onto a reciprocal heading T/F
F the VORs indication is independent of the aircrafts heading
40
Remember in VOR terminology the word 'From' means .....
tracking away from the station
41
Define command sense for the VOR ....
the OBS heading is set to the station the aircrafts heading is pointing to the station
42
Would an observer be able to tell what heading an aircraft is on by knowing what radial it is on .....
No because the radial that an aircraft is on has no bearing on its heading
43
Each VOR radial is named by its ..... direction
outbound direction
44
The pilot is ..... ..... in radials during normal navigation
not interested
45
When communicating with ..... ..... or .... the radial is considered
other pilots or ATC
46
5 types of VOR errors, name them:
1. Ground station error 2. Site effect error 3. Terrain effect 4. Airborne equipment error 5. Vertical polarisation effect
47
The aggregate error of all of the potential VOR errors is .....
+/- 50 but errors of +/- 20 are rare VOR's are not perfect or precision nav stations
48
Where can you find the rated coverage of a VOR station .....
ERSA and AIP 1.5 page 5
49
Where can I find the methods that describe how to take a position fix with ground based (non-gps) aids .....
AIP ENR 1.1 para 19.5.1 (marked)
50
There are 2 approved methods in relation to using a fix with the use of radio nav aids .....
1. The intersection of two or more position lines at an angle of not less than 450 2. The passage of the aircraft over the station Using these 2 methods will ensure certainty of the fix and hence the position
51
Using NDB's for a fix requires 1 very simple rule .....
the 2 NDB's must be within 30nm of eachother regardless of their rated coverage

CPL - Navigation (9 decks)

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