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CPL - Navigation > Direction, Distance & Charts > Flashcards

Direction, Distance & Charts Flashcards

1
Q

The actual shape of the Earth is a:

A

Oblated Spheroid

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2
Q

True North, True South and the Equator for the basis of the …..

A

Grid that defines latitude and longitude

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3
Q

Lines that run parallel to the equator are known as …..

A

Parallels of Latitude

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4
Q

There are an ….. number of parallels of latutude

A

infinate

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5
Q

A meridian of longitude cuts a ….. plane

A

vertical

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6
Q

What are the 2 parts of a meridian of longitude?

A
  1. The meridian
  2. The anti meridian
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7
Q

Where is the zero or prime meridian?

A

Greenwhich in England

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8
Q

Coordinates are devided into 3 parts, name them:

A
  1. Degrees o
  2. Minutes ‘
  3. Seconds “
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9
Q

When describing meridians and parallels some times instead of minutes and seconds we use:

A

decimal points eg S23o 36”

=

S23.6o

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10
Q

The coordinates for every aerodrome in Australia can be found in which publication?

A

The ERSA

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11
Q

True Direction:

The datum that we use to measure direction is?

A

True north

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12
Q

How do we measre true direction?

A

We measure the angle clockwise from true north

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13
Q

A rhumb line can be defined as …..

A

A line that crosses meridians of longitude at the same angle

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14
Q

Rhumb line:

To cut the meridians of longitude at the same angle the rhumb line must …..

A

curve, concave to the pole and spiral into the pole.

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15
Q

A loxodrome can be defined as…..

A

a rhumb line that curvs, concaves and spirals towards the pole

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16
Q

The exception to a rhumb line would be …..

A

an east west heading - there would be no rhumb line since you would be flying parallel to the datum i.e. the equator

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17
Q

How many rhumb lines can you draw between any 2 points on the Earth

A

1

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18
Q

If we join 2 points on the Earths surface with a single line that does not necessarily cut the meridians of longitude at the same angle we have a …..

A

Great circle

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19
Q

The great circle path indicates the ….. path between 2 points on the Earths surface

A

shortest

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20
Q

An …… number of great circles can be drawn on the Earths surface

A

infinate

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21
Q

How many great circles can be drawn between any 2 points on the Earths surface?

A

1

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22
Q

Magnetic Variation can be defined as …..

A

The difference between true north and the direction of the Earths magnetic field at any given location

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23
Q

Magnetic variation in Australia varies by …..

A

15o E to 2o W

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24
Q

Variation East -

A

Magnetic Least

25
Q

Variation West -

A

Magnetic Best

26
Q

What is the magnetic heading to steer:

  • 045oT
  • Variation East 10o
A

Variation East - Magnetic Least

Therfore Magnetic Heading =

035oM

27
Q

What is the magnetic heading to steer:

  • 045oT
  • Variation West 10o
A

Variation West - Magnetic Best

Therefore Magnetic Heading =

055oM

28
Q

What is the magnetic heading to steer:

  • 075oT
  • Variation East 7o
A

Variation East - Magnetic Least

068o

29
Q

What is the magnetic heading to steer:

  • 335oT
  • Variation East 5o
A

Variation East - Magnetic Least

330o

30
Q

What is the magnetic Variation:

  • 154o T
  • 161o M
A

Variation West - Magnetic Best

therefore Variation = 161 - 154 =

7oW

31
Q

What is the magnetic variation:

  • 309oT
  • 298oM
A

Variation East - Magnetic Least

Therefore Variation = 298o + ….. = 309oT

11oE

32
Q

Compass Direction:

The errors known to be present in a compass as a result of electrical circuits, engines ect is known as …..

A

Deviation

33
Q

A compass deviation card …..

A

Provides the pilot the deviation corrections for the various headings

34
Q

True direction is found by measuring the ….

A

track in a clockwise direction in relation to the meridian

35
Q

Magnetic Variation is found by …..

A

referring to the isognal on the given map being used

36
Q

Deviation is applied to the ….. heading

A

Magnetic

37
Q

Compass deviation can be found on the …..

A

deviation card in the cockpit

38
Q

The Mercator Projecton uses what shape to project features of a sphere onto a flat piece of paper?

A

A cylinder

39
Q

In the mercator projection the most accurat part of the map is the ….. …. …..

A

line of tangency

40
Q

In a mercator projection map all parallels of latitude and meridian of longitude appear as …..

A

parallel

41
Q

A straight line drawn on a mercator chart cuts all meridians at the same angle since they are straight and parallel, therefore this drawn line must represent a ….. …..

A

rhumb line

42
Q

On a mercator chart a great circle appears as a ….. ….. pointing towards the nearest ……

A

curved line pointing towards the nearest pole

43
Q

The further you get away from the line of tangency on a mecator chart the ……

A

more distorted the scale becomes

44
Q

The distortion on a mecator chart is a result of …..

A

the scale changing ever more rapidly as distance increases from the line of tangency

45
Q

We can fix the distortion in a mecator chart projection by using a ……

A

transverse mecator projection which moves the cylinder to the required meridian

46
Q

Mecator projections are useful for close in charts like …..

A

VTCs

47
Q

A transvers mercator projection has the cylinder in a ….. position

A

horizontal

48
Q

A mercator projection has the cylinder in a ….. position

A

vertical

49
Q

A transvers mercator chart has how many straight meridians?

A

Just one and no others are parallel since the cylinder is placed horozontially

50
Q

Conical projections use a ….. instead of a ……

A

cone instead of a cylinder

51
Q

A lambert conical projection passes through how many standard parallels?

A

2

52
Q

Projections onto lambert conical charts within the standard parallels will cause the scale to be …. ….

A

slightly compressed

53
Q

Projections outside of the standard parallels on a lambert conical projection chart will cause the scale to ….. …..

A

expand rapidly

54
Q

Lambert charts join perfectly ….. to …..

A

East to west

55
Q

Lambert charts don’t join ….. to ….. because …..

A

north to south because that would require another 2 standard parallels changing the shape of the cone and hence the projection

56
Q

Great circles on lambert charts appear as ….. …..

A

straight lines

57
Q

Rhumb lines on lambert charts appear as …..

A

concaved towards the nearest pole

58
Q

Lambert charts are used for ….. and ….. and are perfect for …..

A

ERC and WAC and are perfect for radio navigation

59
Q

On a lambert chart the meridians ….. towards the pole

A

converge

CPL - Navigation (9 decks)

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