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HISTORY END OF YEAR EXAM > Radical Reformers 1780-1819 COPY > Flashcards

Radical Reformers 1780-1819 COPY Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the French Revolution?

A

1789-99

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2
Q

When were the Napoleonic Wars?

A

1793-1815

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3
Q

When was the LCS founded?

A

1792

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4
Q

Who founded the LCS?

A

Thomas Hardy

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5
Q

London Corresponding Society (LCS)

A

Promoted twin causes of universal suffrage and annual parliaments; worked to promote political education of its members by publishing pamphlets

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6
Q

Who was the LCS supported by?

A

Skilled craftsmen in London

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7
Q

Why did the organisation of the LCS mark a new departure for radical groups?

A

Never tried to limit its membership to any particular class and charged a very low subscription fee; kept its local associations deliberately small

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8
Q

When was the activity in France at its most extreme?

A

1791-93

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9
Q

When was the Spa Fields meeting?

A

1816

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10
Q

Who was invited to address a meeting in Spa Fields in November?

A

Henry Hunt

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11
Q

How many people gathered at the Spa Field meeting in November?

A

10,000- largest gathering seen in London since the anti-Catholic Gordon riots of 1780

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12
Q

What was the aim of the Spa Fields meeting in November?

A

Hunt was asked to present a petition to the Prince Regent, urging him to reform Parliament

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13
Q

What did Hunt champion in his November Spa Fields speech?

A

Moral force behind the petition, but came dangerously close to suggesting the use of physical force if the petitioners’ demands were not met

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14
Q

Why was a second Spa Fields meeting called in December?

A

Hunt was not received by the Prince Regent

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15
Q

When was the second Spa Fields meeting called?

A

2 December 1816

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16
Q

Why weren’t the Spa Fields rioters successful?

A

Quick action of Lord Mayor of London and his force of constables dispersed them and arrested their leader

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17
Q

When was the Pentridge Uprising?

A

1817

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18
Q

When was the significance of the use of spies by the government highlighted?

A

Pentridge Uprising

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19
Q

Who joined the Pentridge meetings?

A

A Londoner who called himself Oliver

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20
Q

When did a government informant join the Pentridge meetings?

A

May 1817

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21
Q

When did the government informant persuade the Pentridge radicals that there would be nationwide uprisings?

A

9 June 1817

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22
Q

Who led the Pentridge radicals towards Nottingham?

A

Jeremiah Brandreth

23
Q

How many Pentridge radicals marched towards Nottingham?

A

300

24
Q

What happened to the Pentridge radicals as they tried to march?

A

Rebels were intercepted by a regiment of soldiers before they could reach the city; many fled but 80 were arrested

25
Q

How were the Pentridge radicals punished?

A

14 men were transported and Brandreth, along with 2 others, was hanged and beheaded in public

26
Q

When was Peterloo?

A

16 August 1819

27
Q

Where did Peterloo take place?

A

Saint Peter’s Fields in Manchester

28
Q

Why did significant protest take place in Manchester in 1819?

A

City and its surrounding mill towns provided fertile ground for working-class radicalism to flourish; long tradition of trade unionism in the region

29
Q

What exemplified the working-class activity in Manchester?

A

March of the Blanketeers in 1817- badly organised attempt by Manchester textile workers to publicise their grievances

30
Q

Who was invited to address the gathering at Peterloo?

A

Henry Hunt

31
Q

How many people turned for Peterloo?

A

60,000

32
Q

What did several groups carry to Peterloo?

A

Banners proclaiming slogans such as ‘Reform or Death’, ‘Votes for All’

33
Q

How many people were killed at Peterloo?

A

Eleven people including women and children

34
Q

How many people were injured at Peterloo?

A

400

35
Q

Who had been called in to arrest Hunt at Peterloo?

A

Authorities - Yeomanry’s in particular

36
Q

What did Peterloo provoke?

A

Outcry in the press & critics of the government in Parliament

37
Q

When was the Battle of Waterloo?

A

June 18 1815

38
Q

What did William Cobbett write many pamphlets about?

A

Polemics - military corruption

39
Q

How had Hunt managed to establish himself as one of the most important leaders of British radicalism by 1815?

A

Shared a prison cell with Cobbett and upon his release campaigned for manhood suffrage

40
Q

When were the Gagging Acts?

A

The Gagging Acts was the common name for two acts of Parliament passed in 1817. The specific acts themselves were the Treason Act 1817 and the Seditious Meetings Act 1817.

41
Q

Treason Act 1795

A

It made it high treason to assassinate the Prince Regent. It also made permanent the Treason Act 1795, which had been due to expire on the death of George III

42
Q

Seditious Meetings Act 1795

A

The Seditious Meetings Act was an act which made it illegal to hold a meeting of more than 50 people.

43
Q

When were the Six Acts?

A

1819

44
Q

Six Acts 1819

A

Six Acts aimed at suppressing any meetings for the purpose of radical reform

  1. An Act forbidding unauthorised military training
  2. An Act which gave magistrates emergency powers to search houses for weapons
  3. An Act to prevent all but the smallest public meetings
  4. An Act to prevent evasions of newspaper stamp duty
  5. An Act to enable magistrates to destroy blasphemous publications
  6. An Act to prevent the delays by the accused in blasphemy and treason trials
45
Q

Thomas Paine (1737-1809)

A

Early Radical who spent 13 years in America where he published ‘Common sense’
Later on published both ‘The Rights of Man’ and a part 2 to ‘The Rights of Man’
Held a strong belief in equality and liberty, also believed that land should be shared or that those without land should receive payment from the government

46
Q

Edmund Burke (1729-97)

A

Strong believer in hereditary monarchy whose priority was to protect GB from dangers of democracy
Published ‘Reflections of the Revolution in France

47
Q

Why was Paine’s ‘Rights of Man’ part two so popular?

A

He succeeded in questioning the legitimacy of GB’s political institutions

48
Q

How many copies of ‘Rights of Man’ part two were sold in a year?

A

200,000 within a year

49
Q

Why was Paine’s writing so important?

A

Inspiration to political radicals in Britain from the 1790s onwards

50
Q

When was the Hampden Club formed in London?

A

1812

51
Q

Who founded the Hampden Clubs?

A

John Cartwright

52
Q

What were Hampden Clubs?

A

Radical clubs where people gathered to read articles and pamphlets, discuss ideas etc
Their aims were to achieve manhood suffrage and to win over ‘respectable’ support for reform

53
Q

Who was Henry Hunt?

A

Born into prosperity he became the most popular radical leader - he spoke at many public meeting and opposed the 1832 Reform Act as it gave no vote to working men

54
Q

Who was William Cobbett?

A

Influential radical who became an MP later in 1832
A strong critic of the government as he felt they abused their privileged position and could not justify the inequality in GB

HISTORY END OF YEAR EXAM (26 decks)

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