Radical Reformers 1780-1819 COPY

Question 1

When was the French Revolution?

Answer 1

1789-99

Question 2

When were the Napoleonic Wars?

Answer 2

1793-1815

Question 3

When was the LCS founded?

Answer 3

1792

Question 4

Who founded the LCS?

Answer 4

Thomas Hardy

Question 5

London Corresponding Society (LCS)

Answer 5

Promoted twin causes of universal suffrage and annual parliaments; worked to promote political education of its members by publishing pamphlets

Question 6

Who was the LCS supported by?

Answer 6

Skilled craftsmen in London

Question 7

Why did the organisation of the LCS mark a new departure for radical groups?

Answer 7

Never tried to limit its membership to any particular class and charged a very low subscription fee; kept its local associations deliberately small

Question 8

When was the activity in France at its most extreme?

Answer 8

1791-93

Question 9

When was the Spa Fields meeting?

Answer 9

1816

Question 10

Who was invited to address a meeting in Spa Fields in November?

Answer 10

Henry Hunt

Question 11

How many people gathered at the Spa Field meeting in November?

Answer 11

10,000- largest gathering seen in London since the anti-Catholic Gordon riots of 1780

Question 12

What was the aim of the Spa Fields meeting in November?

Answer 12

Hunt was asked to present a petition to the Prince Regent, urging him to reform Parliament

Question 13

What did Hunt champion in his November Spa Fields speech?

Answer 13

Moral force behind the petition, but came dangerously close to suggesting the use of physical force if the petitioners’ demands were not met

Question 14

Why was a second Spa Fields meeting called in December?

Answer 14

Hunt was not received by the Prince Regent

Question 15

When was the second Spa Fields meeting called?

Answer 15

2 December 1816

Question 16

Why weren’t the Spa Fields rioters successful?

Answer 16

Quick action of Lord Mayor of London and his force of constables dispersed them and arrested their leader

Question 17

When was the Pentridge Uprising?

Answer 17

1817

Question 18

When was the significance of the use of spies by the government highlighted?

Answer 18

Pentridge Uprising

Question 19

Who joined the Pentridge meetings?

Answer 19

A Londoner who called himself Oliver

Question 20

When did a government informant join the Pentridge meetings?

Answer 20

May 1817

Question 21

When did the government informant persuade the Pentridge radicals that there would be nationwide uprisings?

Answer 21

9 June 1817

Question 22

Who led the Pentridge radicals towards Nottingham?

Answer 22

Jeremiah Brandreth

Question 23

How many Pentridge radicals marched towards Nottingham?

Answer 23

300

Question 24

What happened to the Pentridge radicals as they tried to march?

Answer 24

Rebels were intercepted by a regiment of soldiers before they could reach the city; many fled but 80 were arrested

Question 25

How were the Pentridge radicals punished?

Answer 25

14 men were transported and Brandreth, along with 2 others, was hanged and beheaded in public

Question 26

When was Peterloo?

Answer 26

16 August 1819

Question 27

Where did Peterloo take place?

Answer 27

Saint Peter's Fields in Manchester

Question 28

Why did significant protest take place in Manchester in 1819?

Answer 28

City and its surrounding mill towns provided fertile ground for working-class radicalism to flourish; long tradition of trade unionism in the region

Question 29

What exemplified the working-class activity in Manchester?

Answer 29

March of the Blanketeers in 1817- badly organised attempt by Manchester textile workers to publicise their grievances

Question 30

Who was invited to address the gathering at Peterloo?

Answer 30

Henry Hunt

Question 31

How many people turned for Peterloo?

Answer 31

60,000

Question 32

What did several groups carry to Peterloo?

Answer 32

Banners proclaiming slogans such as 'Reform or Death', 'Votes for All'

Question 33

How many people were killed at Peterloo?

Answer 33

Eleven people including women and children

Question 34

How many people were injured at Peterloo?

Answer 34

400

Question 35

Who had been called in to arrest Hunt at Peterloo?

Answer 35

Authorities - Yeomanry's in particular

Question 36

What did Peterloo provoke?

Answer 36

Outcry in the press & critics of the government in Parliament

Question 37

When was the Battle of Waterloo?

Answer 37

June 18 1815

Question 38

What did William Cobbett write many pamphlets about?

Answer 38

Polemics - military corruption

Question 39

How had Hunt managed to establish himself as one of the most important leaders of British radicalism by 1815?

Answer 39

Shared a prison cell with Cobbett and upon his release campaigned for manhood suffrage

Question 40

When were the Gagging Acts?

Answer 40

The Gagging Acts was the common name for two acts of Parliament passed in 1817. The specific acts themselves were the Treason Act 1817 and the Seditious Meetings Act 1817.

Question 41

Treason Act 1795

Answer 41

It made it high treason to assassinate the Prince Regent. It also made permanent the Treason Act 1795, which had been due to expire on the death of George III

Question 42

Seditious Meetings Act 1795

Answer 42

The Seditious Meetings Act was an act which made it illegal to hold a meeting of more than 50 people.

Question 43

When were the Six Acts?

Answer 43

1819

Question 44

Six Acts 1819

Answer 44

Six Acts aimed at suppressing any meetings for the purpose of radical reform 1. An Act forbidding unauthorised military training 2. An Act which gave magistrates emergency powers to search houses for weapons 3. An Act to prevent all but the smallest public meetings 4. An Act to prevent evasions of newspaper stamp duty 5. An Act to enable magistrates to destroy blasphemous publications 6. An Act to prevent the delays by the accused in blasphemy and treason trials

Question 45

Thomas Paine (1737-1809)

Answer 45

Early Radical who spent 13 years in America where he published 'Common sense' Later on published both 'The Rights of Man' and a part 2 to 'The Rights of Man' Held a strong belief in equality and liberty, also believed that land should be shared or that those without land should receive payment from the government

Question 46

Edmund Burke (1729-97)

Answer 46

Strong believer in hereditary monarchy whose priority was to protect GB from dangers of democracy Published 'Reflections of the Revolution in France

Question 47

Why was Paine's 'Rights of Man' part two so popular?

Answer 47

He succeeded in questioning the legitimacy of GB's political institutions

Question 48

How many copies of 'Rights of Man' part two were sold in a year?

Answer 48

200,000 within a year

Question 49

Why was Paine's writing so important?

Answer 49

Inspiration to political radicals in Britain from the 1790s onwards

Question 50

When was the Hampden Club formed in London?

Answer 50

1812

Question 51

Who founded the Hampden Clubs?

Answer 51

John Cartwright

Question 52

What were Hampden Clubs?

Answer 52

Radical clubs where people gathered to read articles and pamphlets, discuss ideas etc Their aims were to achieve manhood suffrage and to win over 'respectable' support for reform

Question 53

Who was Henry Hunt?

Answer 53

Born into prosperity he became the most popular radical leader - he spoke at many public meeting and opposed the 1832 Reform Act as it gave no vote to working men

Question 54

Who was William Cobbett?

Answer 54

Influential radical who became an MP later in 1832 A strong critic of the government as he felt they abused their privileged position and could not justify the inequality in GB