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HISTORY END OF YEAR EXAM > Britain: Democracy > Flashcards

Britain: Democracy Flashcards

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1
Q

When did the Gordon Riots take place?

A

1780

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2
Q

When was the Society for Constitutional Information established?

A

1780

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3
Q

What did William Pitt do in 1785?

A

Attempts parliamentary reform but is defeated
Proposes disenfranchising 36 of the worst boroughs
He’s defeated by 74 votes

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4
Q

When was the US Constitution created?

A

1787

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5
Q

When did the French Revolution begin?

A

1789

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6
Q

What did Edmund Burke do in 1790?

A

Published ‘Reflections on the Revolution in France’ which condemned change

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7
Q

When was ‘Rights of Man’ published?

A

1792

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8
Q

Who wrote ‘Rights of Man’?

A

Thomas Paine

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9
Q

What was ‘Rights of Man’ is response to?

A

Edmund Burke’s ‘Reflections on the Revolution in France’ which condemned the change

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10
Q

When did the Napoleonic Wars begin?

A

1793

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11
Q

When was the Treason Act passed?

A

1795

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12
Q

When did William Pitt the Younger die?

A

1806

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13
Q

Who became PM of the new Tory government in 1812?

A

Lord Liverpool

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14
Q

When did Lord Liverpool become PM?

A

1812

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15
Q

When was Napoleon proclaimed Emperor of France?

A

1804

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16
Q

Who became PM after William Pit the Younger died?

A

William Grenville

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17
Q

When did the Napoleonic Wars with France end?

A

1815

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18
Q

When do riots in Spa Fields, Islington break out?

A

1816

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19
Q

When is the price of ‘Cobbett’s Political Register’ reduced?

A

1816

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20
Q

What was ‘Cobbett’s Political Register’?

A

A radical newspaper produced by William Cobbett

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21
Q

When was the March of the Blanketeers?

A

1817

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22
Q

When was the Derbyshire Rebellion?

A

1817

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23
Q

When was the Peterloo Massacre?

A

16th August 1819

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24
Q

When were the ‘Six Acts’ passed?

A

1819

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25
Q

What did the ‘Six Acts’ do?

A

Strengthened government’s hand when dealing with discontent

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26
Q

When was the Cato Street Conspiracy?

A

1820

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27
Q

How successful was the Cato Street Conspiracy?

A

It failed

Saw end of significantly radical reform attempts

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28
Q

When was Henry Hunt released from prison?

A

1822

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29
Q

When does Lord Liverpool resign?

A

1827

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30
Q

When does Lord Liverpool die?

A

1828

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31
Q

Who took office after Lord Liverpool’s death?

A

Duke of Wellington

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32
Q

When did the Duke of Wellington take office?

A

1828

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33
Q

How many Tory leaders had there been in 1828 (over period of 11 months)?

A

3 - Duke Wellington = 3rd

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34
Q

When were the Catholics officially emancipated (passage of Act)?

A

1829

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35
Q

When was the Birmingham Political Union founded?

A

1829

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36
Q

What happened to the Tory party in 1830 and why?

A

Just wins General Election (42 MPs) so forced to step aside

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37
Q

When was the Great Reform Act passed?

A

1832

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38
Q

What Act was passed in 1832?

A

Great Reform Act

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39
Q

Who won the General Election in 1832?

A

Whigs

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40
Q

What Act was passed in 1835?

A

Municipal Corporations Act

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41
Q

When was the Municipal Corporations Act passed?

A

1835

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42
Q

What did the Municipal Corporations Act reform?

A

Local government in towns

- abolished existing corporations and replaced w/ elected councils

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43
Q

When was the London Working Men’s Association established?

A

1836

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44
Q

When was the ‘People’s Charter’ published?

A

1838

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45
Q

When did Chartism begin?

A

1838

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46
Q

When was the First Chartist Petition presented to Parliament?

A

May 1839

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47
Q

When was the Second Chartist Petition present to Parliament?

A

1842

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48
Q

When do the Plug Plot Riots take place?

A

1842

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49
Q

Which riot took place in 1842?

A

Plug Plot

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50
Q

When was the Chartists Land Plan drawn up?

A

1845

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51
Q

When were the Corn Laws repealed?

A

1846

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52
Q

What was repealed in 1846?

A

The Corn Laws

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53
Q

When was the Third Chartist Petition presented to Parliament?

A

1848

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54
Q

When was the Kennington Common Rally?

A

1848

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55
Q

When does radical MP John Bright begin his speaking tour of Britain?

A

1858

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56
Q

Who started their speaking tour of Britain in 1858?

A

John Bright

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57
Q

When was the property qualification for MPs removed?

A

1858

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58
Q

When did Chartism formally end?

A

1858/1860

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59
Q

1858 saw the formal end of what famous reform movement?

A

Chartism

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60
Q

When was the Reform Union founded?

A

1864

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61
Q

When was the start of the American Civil War?

A

1861

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62
Q

Which social class did the Reform Union predominantly appeal to?

A

Middle-class

63
Q

Which social class did the Reform League predominantly appeal to?

A

Working class

64
Q

When was the Reform League founded?

A

1865

65
Q

When did Lord Palmerston die?

A

1865

66
Q

When was the end of the American Civil War?

A

1865

67
Q

When did Lord Russell resign?

A

1866

68
Q

When were the Hyde Park Riots?

A

1866

69
Q

When was the Second Reform Act passed?

A

1867

70
Q

When did William Gladstone become Prime Minister? (first time)

A

1868

71
Q

When was the Pentridge Rising?

A

1817

72
Q

Why did the Pentridge Rising fail?

A

‘Oliver’ alerted authorities and troops were waiting to arrest marchers

73
Q

Who did the Pentridge Rising involve and what did they want to do?

A

Unemployed textile workers wanted to link up with other groups and capture Nottingham castle

74
Q

Which famous speaker was present as the Peterloo Massacre?

A

Henry Hunt

75
Q

What did the Blanketeers want to do?

A

Present a petition demanding parliamentary reform, restoration of Habeas Corpus and help for their distress

76
Q

Why did the Blanketeers fail?

A

Disorganised, broken up by troops

77
Q

Why did the Spa Fields Meetings fail?

A

Disorganised, just a riled up crowd

78
Q

What did those at the Spa Fields Meetings want?

A

Wanted to nationalise land and abolish all taxes except income tax

79
Q

What happened at Peterloo? (brief summary)

A

Henry Hunt held a gathering to criticise the government and demand parliamentary reform. They wanted freedom and votes for all.
Peaceful but magistrates decided Manchester was in ‘great danger’ and so yeomanry and army violently put down crowd

80
Q

What is the Habeas Corpus Act?

A

‘to have the body produced’ - everyone imprisoned had to be brought to trial within a certain length of time

81
Q

Roughly how many people were present at St Peter’s Field during the Peterloo incident?

A

60,000

82
Q

How many people died during the Peterloo Massacre?

A

18

83
Q

How many were injured at Peterloo?

A

(At least) 400

84
Q

What percentage of the population could vote at the start of the course?

A

11% of 24 million

85
Q

In what ways was eligibility to the HoC dependant on wealth (pre-reform)?

A

Candidates had to own a freehold property worth at least 40 shillings a year (depending on constituency)
If elected, wouldn’t receive a salary

86
Q

By 1801, how many of Britain’s 658 MPs owed their position to HoL benefactors?

A

Approximately half

87
Q

When was the Secret Ballot Act passed?

A

1872

88
Q

Which pocket borough was bought at auction for £90,000 in 1801?

A

Gatton in Surrey

89
Q

How much was Gatton in Surrey bought for at auction in 1801?

A

£90,000

90
Q

Name a prominent rotten borough

A

Old Sarum

Dunwich

91
Q

How many voters did Dunwich have by the late 1700s?

A

14

92
Q

How many dwellings did Dunwich have by the late 1700s?

A

32

93
Q

How many inhabitants did Manchester have in 1831?

A

Over 182,000

94
Q

What was the population of Birmingham by 1831?

A

144,000

95
Q

What were the Gordon Riots?

A

Anti-Catholic riots that took place in 1780 after the passing of the 1778 Papist Act which intended to reduce Catholic discrimination
Protestant Lord George Gordon made a violent speech saying it was unnecessary

96
Q

Who created the Society for Constitutional Information?

A

Major John Cartwright

97
Q

Why did John Cartwright create the Society for Constitutional Information?

A

To try and promote public awareness of the need to reform

98
Q

How did the Gordon Riots undermine the Society for Constitutional Information?

A

Scared propertied classes and turned them away from change

99
Q

How many boroughs did William Pitt propose disenfranchising in 1785?

A

36 of the worst

100
Q

How did the 1789 French Revolution impact demand for political reform?

A

Increased it
People began to question ‘rule by rich’
Scared leaders –> kind of people who had been violently overthrown

101
Q

What did Edmund Burke’s ‘Reflections on the Revolutions in France’ say about the revolutions in France and calls for reform?

A

Had prophesied the violence
Blamed it on the sudden action taken
British system virtue = slow adaptive nature and belief in virtual rep
Condemned change

102
Q

By 1793, how many copies of Thomas Paine’s ‘Rights of Man’ had been sold?

A

Over 200,000 copies

103
Q

When was the Sheffield Society for Constitutional Information formed?

A

1791

104
Q

When was the London Corresponding Society formed?

A

1792

105
Q

In May 1792, how many signatures did the Sheffield Society get for a petition for manhood suffrage?

A

Nearly 10,000

106
Q

When did the Sheffield Society have nearly 10,000 signatures on their petition for manhood suffrage?

A

May 1792

107
Q

When did the Copenhagen Fields demonstration take place?

A

26th October 1795

108
Q

Which group organised the Copenhagen Fields demonstration?

A

London Corresponding Society

109
Q

How many people attended the Copenhagen Fields demonstration?

A

Over 100,000

110
Q

Between 1821 and 1829, the GNP rose by what percent?

A

16.8%

111
Q

GNP rose by 16.8% between which years?

A

1821 and 1829

112
Q

Between 1821 and 1829, manufacturing rose by what percent?

A

25%

113
Q

Manufacturing rose by 25% between which years?

A

1821 and 1829

114
Q

When Is Henry Hunt (amongst other radicals) released from prison?

A

1822

115
Q

When is the corrupt borough of Grampund, Cornwall disenfranchised?

A

1821

116
Q

When does Lord John Russell originally propose a bill which would disenfranchise 100 of the most rotten boroughs?

A

1822

later does so again in bill proposed in 1831

117
Q

What does Lord John Russell do in 1822?

A

Propose a bill that would disenfranchise 100 of the most rotten boroughs

118
Q

How many rotten boroughs does Lord John Russell propose disenfranchising in his 1822 bill?

A

100

119
Q

February and March 1830 alone, how many petitions were sent from rural areas demanding tax reductions?

A

Over 200

120
Q

When did the rural areas send over 200 petitions demanding tax reductions?

A

Between February and March 1830

121
Q

The Great Reform Act was finally passed in 1832. When had the Whigs first presented a reform bill?

A

March 1831

122
Q

The first reform bill the Whigs presented to parliament was narrowly passed through the House of Commons and received a lot of changes. How did the Whigs respond?

A

Rather than accept changes they decided to dissolve parliament to try and achieve the majority they needed to pass it in its current form. They won a majority of nearly 140

123
Q

When did the Whigs make their second attempt at passing a reform bill?

A

October 1831

124
Q

What happened to the second attempt of passing a reform bill?

A

Passed Commons w/ new Whig majority but blocked by Tory dominated House of Lords

125
Q

The failure of the second attempt to pass a reform bill led to lots of rioting. Arguably the most threatening was in Bristol. How many were killed or wounded there?

A

130

126
Q

What were the ‘Days of May’?

A

May 1831
Early Grey resigns after HoL rejects third reform bill and king refuses to create 50 new Whig peers which would have given them the majority to force it through.
The King asks Wellington to create a new Tory gov, but the public condemned this and began to withdraw from banks in attempt to destroy gov finances - no-one wants to join Wellington as they are hated, so Wellington has to say no to king
King asks Grey to reform gov w/ promise he could have the necessary Whig peers to pass his bill

127
Q

How many boroughs did the 1832 Reform Act completely disenfranchise?

A

56

128
Q

How many new borough constituencies did the 1832 Reform Act create?

A

42

129
Q

The 1832 Reform Act increased the electorate by how much?

A

366,000 to 650,000

130
Q

After the 1832 Reform Act was passed, roughly what percentage of the adult male population could vote?

A

18%

131
Q

After the 1832 Reform Act, how many MPs were from the north vs how many were from the south?

A

370 vs 120

132
Q

Give 3 aims from the ‘People’s Charter’

A 
Equal representation
Universal manhood suffrage for over 21s
Annual parliaments
Removal of property qualifications for MPs
Secret ballot
Payment of MPs
133
Q

How many signed the first Chartist petition?

A

Over 1 million (1,280,958)

134
Q

When were the Report uprisings?

A

1839

135
Q

How many died during the Newport uprisings?

A

20

136
Q

Between 1839 and 1841, how many Chartists were held in prison? (result of the ‘sacred month’)

A

500

137
Q

By 1848 how many subscribers had the Land Plan attracted?

A

70,000

138
Q

Give 3 reasons why Chartism failed

A

‘Hunger politics’ - variability of support
Lack of effective leadership
Divisive nature
Ambition - too ahead of their time (universal suffrage)

139
Q

How did the population change between 1821 and 1861?

A

Increased from just over 24 million to over 31 million

140
Q

Between which years did the population increase from just over 24 million to over 31 million?

A

1821 and 1861

141
Q

When did Lord Russell propose to reduce existing borough qualifications from £10 a year to £6 a year?

A

1852, 1854 and 1860

142
Q

What did Lord Russell do in 1852, 1854 and 1860?

A

Propose to reduce existing borough qualifications from £10 a year to £6 a year

143
Q

The Whigs had briefly been in power in 1832. When did the newly focused Liberals return to power under Lord Palmerston?

A

1859

144
Q

Since 1825, how much work did the Lancashire cotton industry provide?

A

355,000

145
Q

What was the ‘cotton famine’ and how did it change government impressions of the working class?

A

1861 - US Civil War began
Ports blockaded - unable to get raw cotton from US
Thousands laid off but still supported anti-slavery in USA
Impressed Gladstone when he visited - felt they were ‘ready to vote’

146
Q

When does Gladstone first propose a reform bill? (second reform act)

A

1866

147
Q

In 1866, Gladstone first proposes a reform bill. What did it propose?

A

Reducing the borough franchise to £7 a year

County - £50 a year rental reduced to £14

148
Q

When does Earl (formally Lord) John Russell become PM?

A

1865

149
Q

Who passes the Reform Bill, March 1867?

A

PM Benjamin Disraeli

150
Q

In the 1867 Reform Act, how many seats were taken from boroughs w/ less than 10,000?

A

45

151
Q

In the 1867 Reform Act, how many boroughs were completely disenfranchised?

A

7

152
Q

The 1867 Reform Act extended the franchise in boroughs and counties. How many working class did this enfranchise?

A

More than 1 million

153
Q

After the 1867 Reform Act, what proportion of the adult male population could now vote?

A

1/3rd

HISTORY END OF YEAR EXAM (26 decks)

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