Radiation Protection Flashcards
Radiation effects causes 2 effects
Stochastic effects —> Probablistic
Non-stochastic effects —> Deterministic
Among two effects which one has no threshold levels of radiation dose
Stochastic effects —> effect may occur following any amount of exposure
Which effect does have definite threshold levels of radiation dose
Non-stochastic effect —> a minimum threshold dose must be attained for the effect to occur
When Stochastic effects seen
When cells are modified rather than killed
Types of stochastic effect
Carcinogenesis
Hereditary effects
Both of stochastic effect type have
A random nature of appearance
No threshold dose for appearance
Definite latent period after exposure
Probability of induction increases with the dose received
Severity of the effect is independent of dose received
A risk that can be defined on epidemiological studies only
Examples of Deterministic ( non-stochastic)
Cataract formation
Skin reddening
Sterility
Examples of stochastic effects
Cancer
Genetic defects
Cardinal principles of radiation control
Time
Distance
Shielding
Distance and exposure relation
As distance decreases exposure increases
To reduce radiation exposure
Limit time
Increase distance
Use shielding
Relation of radiation intensity and distance
Radiation intensity — 1/ (distance)2
Inverse square law
Exposure is decreased as the distance is increased
I1/ I2 = (d2)2/ (d1)2
I1 is the initial intensity of radiation
I2 is the final intensity
Radiation shielding consists of
Barriers of lead
Concrete
Water
Degree of exposure reduction depends on
Atomic number
Density
Thickness
