Radiation Procedure Flashcards by Kenneth Ewin

Which of the four R’s is the most unfavorable for malignant tumors?
A
Repopulation
B
Redistribution
C
Repair
D
Reoxygenation

A
Repopulation

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Which procedure is common for Pancreatic tumors?
A
Lumpectomy
B
Whipple
C
Anterior Resection
D
Abdominoperineal resection

B
Whipple

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What gland surrounds the male urethra and is anterior to the rectum?
A
Prostate
B
Liver
C
Bladder
D
Anus

A
Prostate

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The Gleason score is comprised of how many samples from the prostate?
A
1
B
2
C
3
D
4
E
5

B
2?

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Testicular cancer spreads to the same nodes no matter which side the cancer arises?
A
True
B
False

B
False

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Which of the following pathology types of testicular cancers is the most radio resistant?
A
Nonseminoma
B
Classic seminoma
C
Anaplastic seminoma
D
Spermatocytic seminoma

A
Nonseminoma

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What is the commonly used staging system for gynecologic tumors?
A
TNM
B
GTM
C
FIGO
D
Dukes

C
FIGO

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When discussing location of cervical cancers, which is more lateral:
A
Point A
B
Point B

B
Point B

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Which is the most deadly gynecologic related cancer?
A
Cervical
B
Endometrial
C
Vaginal
D
Ovarian

D
Ovarian

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Which type of lymphoma has a contiguous spread pattern?
A
Hodgkin’s
B
Non-Hodgkin’s

A
Hodgkin’s

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Which of the following chemotherapy would treat non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
A
CHOP
B
MOPP
C
ABVD
D
CMF

A
CHOP

MOPP & ABVD chemotherapy treats HD

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A liposarcoma is most likely a sarcoma arising in which type of tissue?
A
Muscle
B
Smooth muscle
C
Nerce sheath
D
Fat

D
Fat

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What is the most common type of primary bone tumor?
A
Ewing
B
Chondrosarcoma
C
Osteosarcoma
D
Rhabdomyosarcoma

C
Osteosarcoma

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Which of the following skin cancers is most aggressive?
A
Melanoma
B
Squamous cell
C
Basal cell

A
Melanoma

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The “D” in the “ABCD” rule in detecting melanomas stands for?
A
Distance
B
Depth
C
Diameter
D
Density

C
Diameter

A: Asymmetrical
B: Border
C: Color
D: Diameter
E: Evolving

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Which staging system is common for Leukemia?
A
FAB
B
Dukes
C
FIGO
D
Aster-Coller

A
FAB

Dukes: A to C. Dukes A designation indicates a lesion that has not penetrated through the bowel wall. The B designation indicates a lesion that has penetrated the bowel wall with nodes negative for tumor, and the C designation indicates a lesion with nodes positive for tumor.

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Which of the following leukemia types is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome?
A
ALL
B
AML
C
CLL
D
CML

D
CML

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Which of the following leukemia types is NOT treated with BMT?
A
AML
B
ALL
C
CLL
D
CML

C
CLL

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Tumors with a high grade are well-differentiated
A
True
B
False

B
False

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Which type of cancer treatment treats the whole body?
A
Chemotherapy
B
IGRT
C
IMRT
D
Surgery

A
Chemotherapy

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Which type of chemotherapy can cause cardiac toxicity?
A
Doxorubicin
B
Bleomycin
C
Dexamethasone
D
Hydrocortisone

A
Doxorubicin

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Which type of chemotherapy can cause pulmonary toxicity?
A
Doxorubicin
B
Bleomycin
C
Dexamethasone
D
Hydrocortisone

B
Bleomycin

(also radiosensitizer)

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Which type of chemotherapy is a radioprotector?
A
Amifostine
B
Doxorubicin
C
Adriamycin
D
Leuprolide

A
Amifostine

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Which type of chemotherapy is a radiosensitizer?
A
Amifostine
B
Doxorubicin
C
Leuprolide
D
Methotrexate

B
Doxorubicin

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What is the recommended age for prostate cancer screening? A 30 B 40 C 50 D 60

C 50

Which is an effect observed by a doctor? A Etiology B Epidemiology C Sign D Symptom

C Sign (Objective)

What is the normal temperature for an adult? A 95.5-97.0 B 97.8-99.0 C 99.5-102.1 D 93.4-97.3

B 97.8-99.0

What is the normal respiration (in breaths per minute) A 7-9 B 9-11 C 12-16 D 16-20

C 12-16

Normal pulse in beats per minute A 40-60 B 60-100 C 100-120 D 110-140

B 60-100

What is the normal blood pressure in mm Hg? A 60/120 B 80/120 C 120/60 D 120/80

D 120/80

What is the normal range for white blood cells? A 12.0-16.0 g/dL B 3.90-5.40 million/mm3 C 3,900-10,800/mm3 D 150,000-425,000/mm3

C 3,900-10,800/mm3

What is the normal range for red blood cells? A 12.0-16.0 g/dL B 3.90-5.40 million/mm3 C 3,900-10,800/mm3 D 150,000-425,000/mm3

B 3.90-5.40 million/mm3

What is the normal range for hemoglobin? A 12.0-16.0 g/dL B 3.90-5.40 million/mm3 C 3,900-10,800/mm3 D 150,000-425,000/mm3

A 12.0-16.0 g/dL

What is the normal range for platelets? A 12.0-16.0 g/dL B 3.90-5.40 million/mm3 C 3,900-10,800/mm3 D 150,000-425,000/mm3

D 150,000-425,000/mm3

Most common brain tumor in adults is: A Astrocytoma B Glioblastoma multiforme C Medulloblastoma D Metastasis

D Metastasis

What is the most common primary brain tumor in children? A Astrocytoma B Glioblastoma multiforme C Medulloblastoma D Metastasis

A Astrocytoma

The treatment type used to treat superficial tumors: A 3D conformal B Electron C IMRT D SRS

B Electron

The treatment type used to prepare the body for bone marrow transplants: A 3D conformal B TBI C IMRT D SBRT

B TBI

The treatment type that has multiple "beamlets" and is not uniform: A 3D conformal B Electron C IMRT D SRS

C IMRT

The treatment to the brain in one fraction with a high radiation dose: A 3D conformal B Electron C SRS D TBI

C SRS

SRS typically treats tumors sizes smaller than: A 1 mm B 3 mm C 3 cm D 1 cm E 5 cm

C 3 cm

Which of the following are used for IGRT? A Ultrasound B CBCT C KV-KV D MV-KV E All of the above

E All of the above

An alpha cradle is considered a: A Positioning aid B Simple immobilization device C Complex immobilization device

C Complex immobilization device

A head holder is considered a: A Positioning aid B Simple immobilization device C Complex immobilization device

A Positioning aid

In CT simulation, the _______ is the diameter of the area to be scanned. A Field of view B Window width C Scan field of view D Window level

A Field of view

In CT simulation, the _______ is the area of interest to be scanned. A Field of view B Scan field of view C Window width D Window level

B Scan field of view

In CT simulation, the _______ is the number of shades of gray on an image. A Field of view B Scan field of view C Window width D Window level

C Window width

In CT simulation, the _______ is the average of shade of gray on an image. A Field of view B Scan field of view C Window width D Window level

D Window level

The HU that represents bone is: A -1000 B -100 C 1000 D 0

C 1000

The HU that represents air is: A -1000 B -100 C 0 D 1000

A -1000

The HU that represents water is: A -1000 B -100 C 0 D 1000

C 0

When the planner chooses the direction, number, size and shape of the beam and then the computer calculates isodose lines, this is called: A Forward planning B Inverse planning

A Forward planning

When the planner chooses the tolerance dose and then the computer generates a plan based off of these parameters, this is called: A Forward planning B Inverse planning

B Inverse planning

The standard for image storage and transfer: A HIPPA B DICOM C HL7 D PACS

B DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine)

Used to store and share images electronically: A HIPPA B DICOM C HL7 D PACS

D PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System)

______ contrast media would appear dark on a radiographic image. A Negative B Positive

A Negative (Radiolucent)

______ contrast media would appear bright on a radiographic image. A Negative B Positive

B Positive

Hives is a __________ adverse reaction: A Mild B Moderate C Severe

A Mild Hives (Ulceration)

Name the tumor volume that encompasses the palpable tumor: A GTV B CTV C PTV D ITV

A GTV

Select the answer that places radiation type in order from HIGHEST LET to LOWEST LET: A Alpha particles - xrays - beta particles B Beta particles - alpha particles - xrays C Xrays - alpha particles - beta particles D Alpha particles - beta particles - x-rays

D Alpha particles - beta particles - x-rays Quality Factor (weighting factor) 20 - 1 - 1

Name the tumor volume that encompasses a margin for breathing: A GTV B CTV C PTV D New Choice E ITV

E ITV

Name the tumor volume that encompasses a margin around the palpable tumor to include microscopic disease A GTV B CTV C PTV D ITV

B CTV

Name the tumor volume that includes the CTV plus a margin for treatment setup uncertainties A GTV B CTV C PTV D ITV

C PTV

500 MU is to be delivered to an AP:PA spine field and is weighted 2:3 respectively. What is the MU that will be delivered to the PA field? A 100 B 200 C 300 D 400 E 500

C 300 AP:PA ?:300

500 MU is to be delivered to an AP:PA spine field and is weighted 2:3 respectively. What is the MU that will be delivered to the AP field? A 100 B 200 C 300 D 400 E 500

B 200 AP:PA 200:?

300 MU is to be delivered to right and left lateral brain fields. It is to be weighted 1:2 respectively. How much MU will be delivered to the left lateral brain? A 100 B 150 C 200 D 250 E 300

C 200 RTLAT:LTLAT ?:200

Past-pointing is used or arcs less than 360 degrees. A True B False

A True Look up past pointing

Where is the physical field size defined? A Skin surface B SAD C Isocenter D 50% isodose line

50% isodose line

Superficial tumors are typically treated with electrons. A True B False

A True

For SAD treatment techniques, the table should be moved between fields. A True B False

B False

What % of transmission is permitted through the collimating jaws? A 0.2% B 0.5% C 5% D 2%

B 0.5%

Which electron isodose line is considered the useful range of electrons? A 50% B 80% C 90% D 100%

A 50%

Which electron isodose line is considered the therapeutic range of electrons? A 50% B 80% C 90% D 100%

C 90%

Which of the following field size would have the most amount scatter? A 5x5cm B 10x10cm C 12x12cm D 15x15cm

D 15x15cm

PDD has a direct relationship with all of the following EXCEPT: A Energy B Field Size C Depth D SSD

C Depth

TAR is dependent on all of the following EXCEPT: A Energy B Field Size C Depth D SSD

D SSD

TMR is used to calculate MU in: A SSD Techniques B SAD Techniques

B SAD Techniques

According to the inverse square law, as distance is increased by 2, intensity will: A Increase by 2 B Increase by 4 C Decrease by 2 D Decrease by 4

D Decrease by 4

What is the wedge angle required for a wedged-pair technique with a hinge angle of 90? A 45 B 90 C 180 D 135

A 45 "Update with formula"

As field size increases, collimator scatter will: A Increase B Decrease C Stay the same

A Increase

Dose compensators have been replaced by: A Wedges B IMRT C Hand Blocks D Cast blocks

B IMRT

Eliminates skin sparing effect and compensates for irregular skin surfaces: A Hand Blocks B Wedges C Compensators D Bolus

D Bolus

The most common organ for distant mets of organs within the abdomen is: A Liver B Kidneys C Rectum D Stomach

A Liver

Where is the most common location in the bladder for cancer to arise? A Anterior wall B Superior wall C Trigone D Renal pelvis

C Trigone

What is the most common pathology of bladder cancer? A Renal cell B Transitional cell C Adenocarcinoma D Squamous

B Transitional cell

Which of the following pathology types of testicular cancers is the most radio resistant? A Nonseminoma B Classic seminoma C Anaplastic seminoma D Spermatocytic seminoma

A Nonseminoma

What is the commonly used staging system for GYN tumors? A TNM B FIGO C GTM D Dukes

B FIGO

Adenocarcinoma is the most common histologic type of: A Oral cavity B Pancreas C Pharynx D Thyroid

B Pancreas

The SI unit Becquerel matches which conventional unit? A Curie B Rem C Rad D Roentgen

A Curie

A DRR is: I. A two dimensional image reconstructed from CT data II. A three-dimensional image reconstructed from CT data III. Shows the BEV of an image IV. Contains dose information A I and IV B II and III C I and III D I, III, and IV

C I and III

A Gleason score of 10 could indicate benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) A True B False

B False

All of the following are TRUE about multileaf collimators EXCEPT: A Made of materials with high atomic numbers B Can move independently in and out of path of beam in order to block it C Provide conformal shaping of radiotherapy treatment beams D Acceptable amount of beam transmission through MLC's is 5%

D Acceptable amount of beam transmission through MLC's is 5% 0.5% is the proper amount

A scanner equipped with software that can provide information needed to design the patient's treatment parameters and allows for more spatial orientation information required for 3-D treatment planning: A CT Scanner B Conventional Simulation C PET D Fluoro Simulation

A CT Scanner

What is true of stereotactic radiosurgery? I. Delivers a large dose of radiation on a fractionated treatment schedule II. Uses high energy x-ray beam to shrink or control tumor growth. III. Used to treat tumors in cranium. IV. a head ring is attached to patient for delivery of radiation to be on the submillimeter scale A I, II & III B I, III, & IV C II, III, & IV D All of the above

C II, III, & IV