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Physics > Radiation P6 > Flashcards

Radiation P6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Alpha particles have a charge of…

A

2+

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2
Q

Alpha particles are released by…

A

Heavy nuclei such as uranium.

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3
Q

What is the symbol for alpha ?

A

An ‘a’ shape as a simplified a. Like three quarters of an infinity sign.

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4
Q

Beta radiation is lighter and…

A

More penetrating as beta particles move faster.

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5
Q

Beta particles are moderately …

A

Penetrating.

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6
Q

Beta particles are released by nuclei that have…

A

Too many neutrons. A neutron turns into a proton and the nucleus removes an electron - a beta particle.

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7
Q

Beta particles have a mass of… And a proton number of…

A

0 and -1

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8
Q

Alpha particles have a mass of … and a proton number of… . They have … neutrons.

A

4, 2, 2

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9
Q

Gamma radiation is simply… Gamma radiation has no…

A

Energy, mass.

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10
Q

Gamma radiation is released when a nucleus has too much…

A

Energy. The nucleus gets rid of extra energy this way. This doesn’t change the element of the nucleus.

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11
Q

Gamma radiation is the most….

A

Penetrating.

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12
Q

What is the symbol for beta radiation?

A

A German B ( ß) with a long tail.

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13
Q

Alpha radiation can’t penetrate…
Beta radiation can’t penetrate….
Gamma radiation can’t penetrate…

A
  • paper or skin.
  • a thin sheet of aluminium or metal.
  • thick lead or concrete.
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14
Q

The nucleus takes up most of the.. In a cell and the least amount of…

A

Mass, space.

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15
Q

The electron paths take up lots of … Though most of this is..

A

Space, empty.

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16
Q

The number of protons in a nucleus for an element is always the same. The number of neutrons can vary. These nuclei are known as…

A

Isotopes.

17
Q

Only one or two isotopes are stable, such as…

A

Carbon-12

18
Q

The other isotopes are more unstable and need to …, emitting ….. , for example…

A

Neutrons, radiation, carbon-14.

19
Q

Elements that emit ionising radiation all the time are..:

A

Radioactive. These are unstable and decay to become more stable.

20
Q

Decay happens at random and is not affected by…

A

Physical conditions - temperature.
Chemical processes - bonding.
The atom often changes into a new element due to decay.

21
Q

Alpha particles are large and …

A

Slow moving. They are stopped easily and so they are the least penetrating. These particles are helium nuclei with 2 protons and 2 neutrons.

22
Q

The number of neutrons equals…

A

Atomic mass - proton number.

23
Q

What are stable isotopes?

A

Isotopes that are NOT RADIOACTIVE

Physics (18 decks)

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