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radbio latest Flashcards

1
Q

2 scientists that study about radiation effects

A

Jean Alban Bergonie & Louis Tribondeau

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2
Q

Jean Alban Bergonie & Louis Tribondeau

A
  • in 1906, they observed that radiosensitivity was a function of the metabolic state of the tissue being irradiated.
  • exposed rabbit testicles to ionizing radiation and observe the effects
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3
Q

Bergonie & Tribondeau Law states:

A
  • Undifferentiated cells (stem cells/parent cells), most radiosensitive and differentiated cells are more resistant
  • Younger tissues and organs are radiosensitive
  • Tissues with high metabolic rate radiosensitive
  • High proliferation rate for cells and high growth rate for tissues result in increased radiosensitivity
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4
Q

IST NA SINABI NG LAW:

undifferentiated = radiosensitive
differentiated = radioresistant

A

UNDIFFERENTIATED - stem cells
DIFFERENTIATED = RBC

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5
Q

2ND SINABI NG LAW:

Younger tissues and organs are radiosensitive

A

un ulit,

younger = more sensitive
older = less sensitive

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6
Q

3rd SINABI NG LAW:

Tissues with high metabolic rate radiosensitive

A

high metabolic rate = high radiosensitive
low metabolic rate = low radiosensitive

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7
Q

4TH SABI NG LAW:

High proliferation rate for cells and high growth rate for tissues result in increased radiosensitivity

A

High proliferation rate = high radiosensitive
low proliferation rate = low radiosensitive

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8
Q

Radiosensitivity of biological tissue is directly proportional to mitotic activity and inversely proportional to degree of differentiation of its cells

A

INTINDIHI LANG WALANG SAGOT O TANONG LETSE

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9
Q

mitotic activity

A

replicating daughter cells

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10
Q

stem cells = radiosensitive
specialized cells = less radiosensitive

A

wala

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11
Q

other cells in the body

A

bone cells
muscle cells
skin cells
nerve cells
epithelial cells
sex/germ cells
cancer cells

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12
Q

radiation can trigger cancer cells

A

wala

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13
Q

what is the most radiosensitive according to cell division?

A

Hematopoietic system

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14
Q

what is the least radiosensitive according to cell division?

A

Transmission system

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15
Q

what are the cells with high sensitivity to radiation

A

Lymphocytes,
Spermatogonia,
Erythroblasts,
Intestinal Crypt Cells

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16
Q

what are the cells with intermediate sensitivity to radiation

A

Endothelia cells,
Osteoblasts,
Spermatids,
Fibroblasts

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17
Q

what are the cells with low sensitivity to radiation

A

Muscle cells,
Nerve cells

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18
Q

it place a key role in immune system, they fight infections

A

lymphocytes

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19
Q

it is the precursor cells of sperm undergo mitotic and meiotic division to form mature cells

A

spermatogonia

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20
Q

immature RBC that develop into mature erythrocytes, help carrying oxygen in body

A

erythroblasts

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21
Q

these are stem cells in intestine responsible for generating intestinal lining, help in nutrition absorption and maintaining gut health

A

Intestinal crypt cells

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22
Q

cells that are located in inner lining of blood cells, help in blood flow regulation, nutrients exchange, and blood clot prevention

A

Endothelial

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23
Q

these are responsible in bone formation by producing bone matrix

A

Osteoblasts

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24
Q

immature sperm cells that undergo further development to become mature spermatozoa

A

Spermatids

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25
cells that are essential for wound healing and tissue repair, responsible in production of collagen
fibroblasts
26
cells that are responsible for movement by contracting and generating force
muscle cells
27
also called neurons, they transmit electrical and chemical signals throughout the body
nerve cells
28
3 types of muscle cells
skeletal cardiac smooth
29
stages of spermatogenesis:
1. Spermatogonia 2. Spermatocytes 3. Spermatids 4. Spermatozoa
30
cells that are radiosensitive because of their high mitotic rate - release inflammatory cytokine
cancer cells
31
It is the Effect of radiation on cells results from elemental ionizing event that changes DNA
cellular radiobiology
32
it is the irradiation that is within the living cell
vivo irradiation
33
Cell death will occur only if the target molecule is inactivated
INTINDIHI
34
what is the target molecule
DNA
35
where is the target molecule located
inside cell nucleus
36
When radiation does interact with the target, a HIT has occurred. Radiation interaction with molecules other than the target molecule also can result in a HIT.
INTINDIHIN MO LANG ABOUT SA HIT LINTIK
37
2 TYPES OF HIT
INDIRECT EFFECT DIRECT EFFECT
38
this occurs when ionizing radiation interacts with water molecule living in the formation of free radical molecule
indirect effect
39
this occurs when high LET is used, distance between ionization is so close that results hit high probability
direct effect
40
any molecular species capable of independent existence that contains unpaired electron in atomic orbital
free radicals
41
one best example of free radicals
hydroxyl radicals
42
free radical can change or damage ???
DNA, Proteins, Cell membrane
43
With low-LET radiation, the hit will be????
LOW
44
With high-LET radiation, the hit will be????
HIGH
45
2 Models of Cell Survival Kinetics
* single-target, single-hit model * multi-target, single-hit model
46
applied to biologic target such as enzymes, viruses, simple cells (bacteria)
Single-target, single-hit model
47
applied to more complicated biologic system
Multi-target, single-hit model
48
it is the radiation dose to reduce cell survival by 37%
D37
49
it is the small dose needed to reach 37% survival and it Produce Bacteria, enzymes, cancer cells
low D37
50
Low D37
= high radiosensitive
51
it is the larger dose needed to reach 37% survival and it produce stem cells
high D37
52
High D37
= radioresistant
53
radiation dose and cell survival relationship
low radiation dose = high cell survival high radiation dose = low cell survival inversely related
54
D0
mean lethal dose
55
it define how sensitive/resistant is a cell in human body
D0 or mean lethal dose
56
it is the small dose requires cell death
low D0
57
it is The most resistant portion of the cell cycle
late S phase
58
most sensitive phase in cell cycle
mitosis (m phase)
59
it is the next most sensitive phase of the cell cycle
G1 to S phase
60
When human cells replicate by mitosis, the average time from one mitosis to another is called the _____?????
cell-cycle time or the cell generation time
61
Most human cells that are in a state of normal proliferation have generation times of approximately 24 hours.
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BAYLON (6 decks)

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