POI Flashcards by demure u

study of interaction of EMR with matter resulting physical changes

Photochemistry

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study of chemical reaction of photo to certain material

Photochemistry

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most important part of x-ray machine because it is where x-rays are actually produced

X-ray tube

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requires rapidly moving stream of electron that are suddenly decelerated or stopped

x-ray production

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x-ray produced

99% heat
1% x-ray

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negatively charge electrode

cathode

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positively charge electrode

anode

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2 parts of cathode

filament and focusing cup

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coiled tungsten wire is the source of electron during x-ray production

filament

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made of nickel and nearly surround the filament

focusing cup

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metal that abruptly decelerates and stops electron in tube current

target

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2 types of anode

rotating anode and stationary anode

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target is made of?

tungsten and rhenium alloy

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temperature of heat produced in X-ray tube

2500-3000 degree Celsius

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temperature of heat produced in Cathode

2200-2500 degree Celsius

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electric motors that turns rotor at high speed during production

stator

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rigidly connected to target through stem

rotor

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produced when xray exposure is made, rotating anode conducts heat to insulating oil that surrounds the tube

dissipating heat

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Photoelectric effect

absorption of body

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Summary of the processes of x-ray production

Production of electron (thermionic emission / Edison effect) = production of heat
Acceleration of electron
Deceleration of electron
Emission of electron as XRAYS

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image production =

photoelectric & Compton effect

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x-ray production =

bremsstrahlung & characteristics

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Compton effect

scatter radiation

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unwanted density

image noise

electron flow in only one direction in xray tube from cathode to anode

tube current

tube current is measure in?

milliampere (mA)

mA is connected to?

tube current (DP) quantity (DP)

kVp is connected to?

energy level (DP) penetration (DP) contrast (IP) quality of X-ray (DR) scattered radiation (DP) speed of electron (DP)

(not a question ha) energy & quality (DR) speed & quality (DR) penetration & quality (DR)

DP – directly proportional DR – directly related IP – inversely proportional

length of time that x-ray tube produces x-rays

exposure time (s)

relationship between actual focal spot and effective focal spot

Line Focus Principle

the smaller anode angle, the smaller effective focal spot

Anode Angle Heat Effect

anode angulation

7-20 degree

anode angulation in general radiography

7-12 degree

anode angulation in fluoroscopy

15-20 degree

first scientist that contribute in our profession; propose that matter is made of tiny indivisible particle (atom)

John dalton

made the plum pudding model

JJ thompson

he identify nucleus and define miniature solar system

Ernest Rutherford

he support Ernest but claim that different orbits have different energy

Neils bohr

3 aspects of physical science that pave the way to the discovery of X-rays

electricity vacuum image recording material

use as image recording material

phosphor

radiation monitor device

scintillator

use of ionizing radiation to produce a recorded image on photosensitive material

radiography

produced using x-radiation; it represent an image recorded on photosensitive material (film)

radiograph

difference in radiodensity

contrast

degree of blackening

density

xray when absorbed by the body, it appears as white and as ___ in image

contrast

xray when it passed through the body, it appears as dark and as ___ in image

density

radiation that has both electrical and magnetic properties

electromagnetic radiation (EMR)

dual nature of x-ray energy

it can be a: wave & particles

it is the x-ray

photons

relationship between wavelength and frequency

inversely related

it is the distance between two crests

wavelength

it is the number of cycle per unit time

frequency

unit of frequency

Hertz (Hz)

shorter wavelength

= high frequency, high energy, high penetration

longer wavelength

= low frequency, low energy, low penetration

properties of x-ray (12)

* x rays are invisible * no mass * electrically neutral * form a polyenergetic or heterogenous beam * can be produced in range of energies (30-150 kVp) * travel in straight lines * cause some substances to fluoresce * cause chemical changes to occur in radiographic and photographic film * can penetrate human body (depending sa penetrability) * can be absorbed or scattered tissue in body * produce secondary radiation * can cause chemical biologic damage to living tissue