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Radar Flashcards

1
Q

The beam angle of VEGAPULS 64 with a G1½” process fitting corresponds to a 26-GHz radar sensor with which antenna?

A

VEGAPULS 62 with 95 mm horn antenna and DN 100/4” flange

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2
Q

A customer wants to buy a radar sensor for a standpipe application. Which sensor would you recommend?

A

VEGAPULS 63

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3
Q

The dynamic range of VEGAPULS 64 is

A

120dB

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4
Q

When microwaves hit foam, they are

A

damped

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5
Q

At which inclination of the window is the glass pane no longer visible on the echo curve of VEGAPULS 64?

A

10

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6
Q

You recommend a VEGAPULS 64 to a customer for detecting the level in a small vessel. Which antenna would you choose?

A

As big an antenna as possible – the bigger, the better!

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7
Q

What tips can you give the customer when measuring through glass?

A

Use a window that is as thin as possible. And the window or container ceiling should be slightly inclined if possible

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8
Q

Which antenna designs can be selected with the Second Line of Defense?

A

Hygienic fitting
Plastic Horn antenna
threated fitting
flange fitting

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9
Q

Why is VEGAPULS 64 better suited for buildup than 26-GHz sensors?

A

Due to the STC function & because of the high dynamic range

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10
Q

Is there a blocking distance (dead band) when using VEGAPULS 64 to detect oil?

A

Only with the smallest antenna size

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11
Q

What is the best measuring principle for foam?

A

Pressure, guided radar and radar

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12
Q

The higher the frequency the better the focusing. VEGAPULS 64 with its angle of 3° delivers a focused beam that only hits the medium and thus delivers reliable measured values even with internal installations in the vessel.

A

The higher the frequency the better the focusing. VEGAPULS 64 with its angle of 3° delivers a focused beam that only hits the medium and thus delivers reliable measured values even with internal installations in the vessel.

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13
Q

A customer in the oil and gas industry wants to install a new sensor on a ball valve. Why do you recommend VEGAPULS 64 and not VEGAPULS 62?

A

Due to the higher frequency and the better focusing

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14
Q

Assign the sensors according to the recommendation you would make for a bypass application.

A

VEGAFLEX 81; VEGAPULS 62.

VEGAPULS 64 = not recommended

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15
Q

What does the STC function stand for?

A

Sensitivity Time Control, a distance-dependent filter function

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16
Q

Why is VEGAPULS 64 better suited for measuring oil at low levels than sensors with 26 GHz?

A

The echo of the liquid has the same size as the echo of the tank bottom

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17
Q

What non contact level measurement technology is unaffected by environmental conditions, steam and condensation?

A

Radar

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18
Q

True or False - Radar sensors can be mounted above a plastic chemical tank, penetrate a tank, and accurately measure the level

A

True

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19
Q

How quickly can VEGA’s new compact and cable series radar sensors start up?

A

Less than 10 seconds

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20
Q

The C-series radar sensors have a completely potted cable and an IP68 rating and so can be fully submersed in water.

A

True

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21
Q

not a benefit offered by the new VEGAMET controllers?

A

Team Viewer

benefits: (Bluetooth Communication, Large Displays, Color Signaling Notification)

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22
Q

What is the beam angle of the VEGAPULS C23

A

4 degrees

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23
Q

True or False - The new VEGAPULS sensors have not special parameters/device memory.

A

True

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24
Q

True or False -All of the new VEGAPULS sensors have flood protection

A

True

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25
Q

Which new VEGAPULS sensor has the lowest price?

A

VEGAPULS C 11

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26
Q

Radar is the better Utrasonic

A

True

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27
Q

80 GHz (W-band) is the highest frequency allowed by the FCC for Level Probing Radar

A

True

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28
Q

In general, the larger the antenna, the….

A

Smaller the beam angle

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29
Q

True or False It is difficult for the 80 GHz radars to measure in 20” tall nozzles.

A

False

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30
Q

Good focusing allows for…

A

Avoid obstructions in the measurement area
Mounting on tall nozzles
Mounting on ball valves

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31
Q

80 GHz is better than the other frequencies because…

A

80 GHz has the best focusing

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32
Q

Radar is used in the following industries:

A

Food Processing
Power
Chemical

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33
Q

What is the reference measuring point of the PULS 64 with a threaded NPT connection?

A

Top of Threads

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34
Q

How should the polarization reference on a VEGAPULS sensor be oriented in relation to the sidewall?

A

Perpendicular

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35
Q

What is the first step in starting up a radar?

A

Sensor Tag

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36
Q

How do we address false echoes from condensation or buildup on the horn?

A

False Signal edit

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37
Q

False signal suppression is used to map out echoes that are “multiple” echoes.

A

False

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38
Q

The vessel height measuring range is the span of the sensor (4-20mA output).

A

False

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39
Q

The application menu when selected, fine tunes other critical parameter settings.

A

True

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40
Q

Given a constant bean angle the following applies: the higher the frequency…

A

the smaller the antenna surface

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41
Q

What is focusing?

A

Direct radiation to a point. The higher the frequency the better the focusing

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42
Q

Beam angle (focusing) is dependent on

A

transmission frequency; antenna area

=speed of light/(antenna area*frequency)

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43
Q

VEGAPULS 64 3/4” process fitting - beam angle?

A

14 degrees

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44
Q

VEGAPULS 64 1 1/2” process fitting - beam angle?

A

7 degrees

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45
Q

VEGAPULS 64 DN50/2” process fitting - beam angle?

A

6 degrees

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46
Q

VEGAPULS 64 DN80/3” process fitting plastic - beam angle?

A

3,6 degrees

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47
Q

VEGAPULS 64 DN80/3” process fitting - beam angle?

A

3,3 degrees

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48
Q

Why isn’t it possible to use an antenna extension with VEGAPULS69?

A

With 80GHz, the waveguide would have to be 3x smaller than with 26 GHz

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49
Q

The opening angle of the radar beam is inversely proportional to

A

the antenna area and the transmission frequency

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50
Q

The focusing of a radar sensor corresponds to the

A

angle in which the antenna radiates energy

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51
Q

Why are the mounting sockets so long?

A

to comply with accident prevention guidelines

so that sensor is readily accessible

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52
Q

Why does VEGAPULS 64 behave the same in long mounting sockets as in short mounting sockets

A

Due to its additional builtin STC function

Due to its good signal focusing

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53
Q

Always try to use the largest possible process fitting…even in

A

small containers

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54
Q

VEGAPULS 64 measuring range

A

up to 30m/118.1”

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55
Q

Assuming the beam angle remains the same how does the frequency affect the antenna?

A

The higher the frequency, the smaller the area

The smaller the antenna the smaller the process fitting

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56
Q

The dynamic range of a radar sensor indicates

A

how universally the sensor can be used

the difference between the largest and the smallest signal that can be measured by the sensor

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57
Q

VEGAPULS 62 dynamic range

A

96dB

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58
Q

VEGAPULS 64 dynamic range

A

120dB

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59
Q

how much larger are the echos generated by VEGAPULS 64 than those generated by VEGAPULS 62?

A

250x larger

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60
Q

The greater the amplitude of the level signal

the higher the measurement certainty

A

Advantages of high dynamic range

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61
Q

Foam also damps the signal of 80GHz radar sensor it depends on the properties of the foam

A

very moist, a lot of water, bubbles, how high

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62
Q

Extreme foam applications use

A

VEGABAR 82 or VEGAWELL 52 best choice

another possibility VEGAFLEX 81 guided radar

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63
Q

VEGAPULS 62 is not recommended for use in stand pipe or bypasses.
Use VEGAFLEX for stand pipe or bypass applications

A 
VEGAFLEX 81 (<2GHz)
VEGAPULS 62 or 63 (26GHz) for non contact measurement
VEGAPULS 66 (6.3 GHz)
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64
Q

Deadban on VEGAPULS 64

A

When using 3/4” antenna to measure oil there is a blocking distance of 140mm 15.5” to the sensor reference point (NO BLOCKING DISTANCE WITH WATER - because level signal is larger than the antenna ringing) - With 1 1/2” antenna there is no blocking distance

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65
Q

Every radar system generates noise at close range. This is nose is always located at the beginning of the echo curve ie at 0 meters on the distance axis.

A

Antenna Ringing
Is strongest at the smallest value on the distance axis and becomes weaker with increasing distance. Always present law of physics

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66
Q

Sending

A

The larger the antenna the better the focusing

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67
Q

Receiving

A

the larger the antenna the more reflected energy received

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68
Q

When measuring liquids with a low dielectric constant always try to use the largest possible antenna

A

Antennas of size 11/2” and larger are ideal for measuring liquids with low dielectric constant

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69
Q

Why is an angles window orientation ideal?

A

The interfering reflection of the radar beam caused by the window is deflected away from the sensor

70
Q

Angled Windows VEGAPULS 64

A

Angles over aprox 10-15 degrees eliminate a direct reflection from the window

71
Q

Angled Windows 26GHz

A

angles over aprox 35-45 degrees eliminate a direct reflection from the window

72
Q

Why does condensate form on a radar sensor?

A

Condensate is generated when the temperature changes. Condensate arises often in winter
condensate rises whenever the outside temperature of the tank is lower than the temperature inside the tank
transition of a substance from a gaseous state to a liquid state

73
Q

Why does VEGAPULS 64 have no problem with buildup?

A

STC function
Sensitivity time control
filter for buildup
time is equivalent to distance

74
Q

Tank insulated, mounting socket not insulated. Result buildup on the sensor

A

Also insulate the mounting socket and the sensor flange to reduce buildup and condensate

75
Q

buildup causes

A

false reflections and multiple echoes

76
Q

Why is it recommended to use a short a mounting socket as possible?

A

This makes it possible to align the sensor

77
Q

For level measurement of bulk solids, choose a radar sensor with

A

the largest possible dynamic range

78
Q

for level measurement of bulk solids with poorly reflecting media make sure

A

the sensor is mounted in a good position

79
Q

VEGAPULS 69 fittings

A

Plastic horn antenna
threaded version
metal frame lens antenna

80
Q

Measurement range VEGAPULS 69

A

120m

81
Q

Measurement range VEGAPULS 67

A

15m

82
Q

Measurement range VEGAPULS SR 68

A

30m

83
Q

Measurement range VEGAPULS 68

A

75m

84
Q

Application Limits VEGAPULS 67

A
  • 40 to 80 C

- 1 Bar to 2 Bar

85
Q

Application Limits VEGAPULS 68

A
  • 200 to 450 C

- 1 Bar to 160 Bar

86
Q

Application Limits VEGAPULS SR 68

A
  • 40 to 250 C

- 1 Bar to 100 Bar

87
Q

Application Limits VEGAPULS 69

A
  • 40 to 200 C

- 1 Bar to 20 Bar

88
Q

Why is VEGAPULS64 preferably to VEGAPULS69 for small bulk solids container?

A

A small blocking distance (dead band)

89
Q

Relationship between radar frequency and wavelength

VEGAPULS 65

A

6.3 GHz

wavelength = 47mm (1.85”)

90
Q

Relationship between radar frequency and wavelength

VEGAPULS 68

A

26 GHz

wavelength = 12mm (0.47”)

91
Q

Relationship between radar frequency and wavelength

VEGAPULS 69

A

80 GHz

wavelength = 4mm (0.16”)

92
Q

Powders and fine grained bulk material are difficul to measure with 26GHz if they form an even surface

A

use VEGAPULS 69

93
Q

Optimal mounting

A

1/6 of the silo diameter outside from the silo wall

94
Q

Best position during filling

A

As far away as possible from the material stream - Alternative install a 26 Ghz radar sensor

95
Q

Mounting socket bulk solids tip

A

long socket when measuring poorly reflective bulk solids . Long mounting sockets align at an angle or use wide access channel

96
Q

Optimal alignment bulk solids

A

tilted towards the outlet of the silo

97
Q

Guided wave radar instruments (FLEX) can measure liquids and solids and they are unaffected by dust, vapor and

A

foam

98
Q

VEGAFLEX 81 measures the level or interface (separation layers) of liquids with great reliability and accuracy.

A

true

99
Q

VEGAFLEX 81 is the ideal instrument for measuring the level of liquefied gases in horizontal bullet tanks. What antenna is best utilized for this application?

A

coaxial

100
Q

VEGAFLEX 81 is immune to condensation and buildup and is suitable for use in metal and plastic vessels.

A

true

101
Q

VEGAFLEX 82 is an ideal solution for continuous measurement in aggregate and cement silos. This is because

A

shape of material in silo has no influence on measurement

102
Q

VEGAFLEX 83 is an ideal solution for level measurement in food and dairy production. This is because

A

coated road and cable are designed with sanitary connections to satisfy hygiene requirements

103
Q

VEGAFLEX 86 is the most robust guided wave sensor.

A

True

104
Q

VEGAFLEX 86 with steam compensation is ideal in high pressure steam applications. Please select the statement that doesn’t fit.

A

It automatically corrects measurement in saturated steam

105
Q

VEGAFLEX two areas of echo curve

A

Close range and probe end

106
Q

When signal drops the VEGAFLEX tracks

A

the end of the probe

107
Q

Steam measurement

A

VEGAFLEX 86

108
Q

VEGAFLEX 86 steam measurement range

A

2 or 4mm cable 0-264Ft (0-75m)
8 or 12mm Rod 0-20Ft (0-6m)
21mm or 42mm diameter coaxial 0-20ft (0-6m)

109
Q

VEGAFLEX 86 Temperature

A

-40 392F (40-200C)

110
Q

VEGAFLEX 86 Pressure

A

-14.5 - 580 PSI (-1 to 40 BAR)

111
Q

Liquid Ammonia

A

VEGAFLEX 81

112
Q

VEGAFLEX 81 Liquid Amonia Measurement Range

A

21mm diameter coaxial 0-20ft (0-6m)

113
Q

VEGAFLEX 81 Liquid Amonia Temperature

A

-76 - 302F (-60 to 150C)

114
Q

VEGAFLEX 81 Liquid Amonia Pressure

A

-14.5 - 580 PSI (-1 to 40BAR)

115
Q

Bulk Solids

A

VEGAFLEX 82

116
Q

VEGAFLEX 82 Measurement Range

A

16mm Rod 0-20Ft (0-6m)

4 or 6mm cable 0-264Ft (0-75m)

117
Q

VEGAFLEX 82 Temperature

A

40-392F (-40 to 200C)

118
Q

VEGAFLEX 82 Pressure

A

-14.5 - 580 PSI (-1 to 40 BAR)

119
Q

Sanitary Applications

A

VEGAFLEX 83

120
Q

VEGAFLEX 83 Measurement Range

A

8mm Rod (0-13Ft) (0-4m)

121
Q

VEGAFLEX 83 Temperature

A

-40 - 302F (-40 to 150C)

122
Q

VEGAFLEX 83 Pressure

A

-14.5 - 232 PSI (-1 to 16 BAR)

123
Q

Corrosive Media

A

VEGAFLEX 83

124
Q

VEGAFLEX 83 Corrosive Media Measurement Range

A

4mm cable 0-104Ft (0-32m)

10mm Rod 0-13Ft (0-4m)

125
Q

VEGAFLEX 83 Corrosive Media Temperature

A

-40 - 302F (-40 to 150C)

126
Q

VEGAFLEX 83 Corrosive Media Pressure

A

-14.5 - 232 PSI (-1 to 16 BAR)

127
Q

VEGAFLEX 86 High Pressure and High Temperature

A

2 or 4mm 0-246Ft (0-75m)
16mm Rod 0-20Ft (0-6m)
42mm Coaxial 0-20Ft (0-6m)

128
Q

VEGAFLEX 86 High Pressure and High Temperature =T

A

-321-842F (-196 to 450C)

129
Q

VEGAFLEX 86 High Pressure and High Temperature = P

A

-14.5-5800PSI (-1 to 400 BAR)

130
Q

Which non-contact radar sensor is specifically designed for level measurement of liquids?

A

VEGAPULS 64

131
Q

Select all the reasons that Guided Wave Radar (GWR) is better than non-contact radar for measuring in a chamber. [Select all that apply]

A

It doesnt detect holes and weld in seams

more resistant to build up

132
Q

How should the polarization reference on a VEGAPULS sensor be oriented in relation to the side wall?

A

perpendicular

133
Q

What function prevents the VEGAPULS 69 from reading a false high level when there is build-up?

A

STC

134
Q

Select the best combination of applications/factors where Guided Wave Radar should be your choice over non-contact radar:

A

high temperature, ammonia, interface, saturated steam and measuring in a pipe

135
Q

Which non-contact radar device is the best for continuous measurement of solids?

A

VEGAPULS 69

136
Q

True or False: Radar sensors can be mounted above a plastic chemical tank, penetrate the tank, and accurately measure the level.

A

true

137
Q

Which GWR sensor is specifically designed for level measurement of liquids?

A

VEGAFLEX 81

138
Q

Which of the following are advantages of 80 GHz technology?

A

narrow beam angle

able to detect small articles

139
Q

What is the reference measuring point of a VEGAPULS 64 with a threaded NPT connection?

A

top of the threads

140
Q

Ultrasonic sensors transmit mechanical waves and radar sensors transmit ________ waves.

A

radio

141
Q

What is the minimum distance off a sidewall a VEGAPULS sensor should be installed?

A

8 inches

142
Q

How many VEGAPULS sensors can you add to a vessel before they crosstalk?

A

the more merrier! crosstalk is no concern

143
Q

Which GWR sensor should be used in applications with high pressures and / or high temperatures?

A

VEGAFLEX 86

144
Q

On radar sensors without STC function, how do we address false echoes from condensation or build-up on the antenna?

A

false signal edit

145
Q

True or False: The VEGAPULS 64 is the best sensor VEGA offers for measuring in a stilling well.

A

false

146
Q

Which VEGAFLEX sensor has a 3A approval?

A

VEGAFLEX 83

147
Q

In general, the larger the antenna, the…

A

smaller the beam angle

148
Q

Which of the VEGAPULS C sensors has the longest measuring range?

A

VEGAPULS C 23

149
Q

What is a dielectric constant (dK) of a product indicative of?

A

A product’s ability to reflect electrical energy

150
Q

How often does a VEGAPULS 31 need to be re-calibrated?

A

never

151
Q

When mounting a GWR in a stilling well, what probe should be selected?

A

rod with spacers
coaxial
cable with centering weight

152
Q

What radar sensor is best for measuring in an area where it could become submersed in water?

A

VEGAPULS C series

153
Q

Select the primary feature of VEGAFLEX 86 that enables it to measure accurately in a saturated steam vessel.

A

Reference lenghts

154
Q

When the antenna size stays the same, how does frequency impact the focusing?

A

the higher the frequency the better the focusing

155
Q

Which radar sensor is ideal for non-contact measurement in simple applications and comes with a display?

A

VEGAPULS 31

156
Q

If the customer orders their GWR rod probe too long, can they cut the rod and program the sensor with the new length?

A

Yes

157
Q

Atmospheric pressure is ……

A

the pressure exerted by the air above

158
Q

Gauge pressure is…..

A

the pressure measured relative to atmospheric pressure

159
Q

Differential pressure is…..

A

the difference in pressure between two points in measurement

160
Q

Turndown ratio is….

A

the pressure measured relative to the required measuring cell range

161
Q

hyrostatic pressure is

A

downward pressure exerted by fluid based on its density and weight

162
Q

VEGA’s Hydrostatic products are used in the following applications

A

Flotation cells
top down storage tanks
shipbuilding

163
Q

When selecting an ABSOLUTE pressure cell to measure vacuum, the best range to choose would be?

A

0-15psi

164
Q

VEGABAR with only 4…20mA output has no lighting.

A

True

165
Q

What is the name of the 3-key operation with VEGABAR?

A

VDMA

166
Q

The new VEGABAR series instruments are not suitable for hydrostatic measurements.

A

False

167
Q

VEGABAR 29 has a ceramic measuring cell.

A

False

168
Q

Metal separating diaphragms can be made of many different materials depending on application.

A

True

169
Q

To minimize drift due to oil expansion and contraction, we recommend the minimum flange size to be?

A

3” DN75

170
Q

The VEGA ceramic cell only uses medical white oil filling for hygienic applications.

A

False

171
Q

About how many times harder are ceramic diaphragms than stainless steel?

A

10

172
Q

The VEGA ceramic diaphragm can be used in ALL pressure applications.

A

False

Radar (6 decks)

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