RAD THERA - PRELIM L3 Flashcards
Anything that occupies space and mass
Matter
All matters are composed of small indivisible pieces called ______
Atom
What are the three (3) states/phases of Matter ?
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
These pertain to the smallest particle of a chemical compound that retains all the chemical characteristics of that compound
Molecules
Molecules can have as few as ______ atoms or many hundreds of atoms
Two
There are over ______ different types of atoms called ______
- 100
- Elements
Combination of many elements to form different and larger stuff
Compound
What are the five (5) renowned Atomic Models recognized in Radiotherapy ?
- Medieval Atom
- Dalton’s Hook-and-Eye Model
- Thompson’s Plum-Pudding Model
- Bohr’s Miniature Solar System Model
- Schrodinger’s Cloud Model
The ancient Greeks envisioned four (4) different atoms representing:
- Air
- Fire
- Earth
- Water
In Thompson’s Plum-pudding Model, the plums represent ________
Electrons
Bohr’s Miniature Solar System Model was an improvement of __________
Rutherford’s Nuclear Model
Which among the following atomic models is the conventionally followed model in radiotherapy/physics ?
A. Hook-and-Eye Model
B. Plum-Pudding Model
C. Nuclear Model
D. Miniature Solar System Model
E. Cloud Model
D. Miniature Solar System Model
This atomic model states that an electron does not travel in an exact orbit
Schrodinger’s Cloud Model
It is the central core of an atom where most of its mass is located
Nucleus
The three (3) fundamental blocks of the atomic structure include:
- Electrons
- Protons
- Neutrons
The Radius of Electronic Orbits is ________
10^-10 m
These are tiny and very light particles that move around the nucleus
Fill in the blanks:
Relative Mass =
Mass =
Relative Electric Charge =
AMU =
MeV =
Electrons
Relative Mass = 1
Mass = 9.11 x 10^-31 kg
Relative Electric Charge = -1
AMU = 0.000549
MeV = 0.511
These are much larger and heavier than electrons and are located in the nucleus of atoms
Fill in the blanks:
Relative Mass =
Mass =
Relative Electric Charge =
AMU =
MeV =
Protons
Relative Mass = 1.836
Mass = 1.673 x 10^-27
Relative Electric Charge = +1
AMU = 1.00728
MeV = 938.2
These are large and heavy with no electrical charge and are located in the nucleus of an atom
Fill in the blanks:
Relative Mass =
Mass =
Relative Electric Charge =
AMU =
MeV =
Neutrons
Relative Mass = 1.838
Mass = 1.675 x 10^27
Relative Electric Charge = 0
AMU = 1.00867
MeV = 939.5
In the Atomic Structure, the following are represented by:
Atomic Number =
Atomic Mass Number =
Atomic Number = Z
Atomic Mass Number = A
This pertains to the number of protons in the nucleus
Atomic Number (Z)
The Atomic Number is derived with what formula:
Z = A-N
Atomic Mass Number is obtained with the formula:
A = Z + N
This is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Atomic Mass Number
Neutron is obtained with what formula:
N = A - Z
TRUE OR FALSE
By theory, the Atomic Number (Z) is equal to the number of Electrons
TRUE
The way in which electrons are arranged in an atom
Electron Arrangement
It is the pathway followed by electrons around an atom’s nucleus
Shell
The lowest energy level in an electron arrangement can only hold a maximum of _______ electrons
Two (2)
It is the formula used to determine the maximum number of electrons per shell or orbit
BONUS Q: How is this formula written ?
Pauli’s Exclusion Formula
2n^2
Fill in the following shells with their respective maximum number of electrons:
K =
L =
M =
N =
O =
P =
K = 2
L = 8
M = 18
N = 32
O = 50
P = 72
The Electron Binding Energy is measured in ________
Electron Volt (eV)
However, the maximum number of electrons that any shell can hold is ______
32
It is the minimum energy that is required to remove an electron from an atom
Electron Binding Energy
1 eV = ________
1.6x10^-19 J
Electron Volt is also the most common unit of energy used to describe ________
Radiation
1 kEv = _______
______= 1,000,000 eV
- 1,000 eV
- 1 MeV
The magnitude of the electron binding energy is _______ to the Atomic Number (Z)
Directly Proportional
An electron can only be removed from an atom if the applied energy is lesser than its electron binding energy. Vacancies made by ejected inner shell electrons will be filled by electrons from an outer shell.
A. Statement 1 is Correct, Statement 2 is Incorrect
B. Statement 1 is Incorrect, Statement 2 is Correct
C. Both Statements Are Correct
D. None of the Statements are Correct
B. Statement 1 is Incorrect, Statement 2 is Correct
Excess energy from electron occupation of vacancies is called as _________
Electromagnetic Radiation
Emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or a material/medium
Radiation
Radiation can either be ______ or ________
Ionizing or Non-ionizing
This consists of photons that have energy but no mass or charge
Electromagnetic Radiation
This consists of particles that have mass and energy and may or may not have an electric charge
Particulate Radiation
These are high energy EM radiation coming from the atomic electrons
X-rays
These are photons coming from inside the nucleus
Gamma Rays
The individual arrangement of protons and neutrons
Nuclide
These are nuclides with the same number of protons
Isotopes
Nuclides with the same number of neutrons and different Z & A
Isotones
Nuclides with the same atomic mass number but different atomic numbers
Isobars
These are atoms of the same atomic number and atomic mass number but different energy (ground) states
Isomers
