RAD THERA - MIDTERM L1 Flashcards
Who was the first to use the word “cancer” to describe tumors ?
Hippocrates
Cancer is derived from the ______ word ______ which means ______
- Greek
- Karkinos
- Crab
Cancer is a group of more than _____ different and distinctive diseases
100
It is the abnormal growth of cells which invade nearby tissues and migrate to distant parts of the body
Cancer
This is the medical terminology for “new growth”
Neoplasm
These are atypical tissue structures with patterns that spread by progressive local invasion, lymphatic infiltration and distant metastases to other areas in the body
Malignant Tumors
These are tumors that are typical in cell structure, grow slowly, and do not spread to other structures
Benign Tumors
It a mass of cancerous tissue that invades and destroys normal adjacent tissues
Tumor
Attempt to identify norms or standards of right or good behavior, moral duty, and obligations.
Ethics
Guide that RTT’s may use to evaluate their professional conduct as it relates to patient.
Code of Ethics
It is a person’s concept of right or wrong as it relates to conscience.
Moral Ethics
It is the study of law mandating certain acts and forbidding others under penalty of criminal sanction
Legal Ethics
It is the use of practical wisdom for emotional and intellectual problem solving
Virtue Ethics
It pertains to doing or producing of good, acts of kindness, and charity
Beneficence
It is the higher level of wrongdoing, especially by a public official
Malfeasance
Failure to act where there was a duty to act
Nonfeasance
Truthfulness within the realm of health care practice
Veracity
Conduct that is lawful but inappropriate
Misfeasance
Quality or state of being self-governing; self-directing freedom especially
moral independence.
Autonomy
Principles that relates to the knowledge that information revealed by a patient to a health care provider or information that is learned in the course of health
care provider performing his/her duties, is private and should be held on confidence.
Confidentiality
What are the 13 Patients’ Rights according to the Magna Carta of Patients’ Rights ?
- Right to Appropriate Medical Care and Humane Treatment
- Right to Informed Consent
- Right to Privacy and Confidentiality
- Right to Information
- Right to Choose Healthcare Provider and Facility
- Right to Self-determination
- Right to Religious Belief
- Right to Medical Records
- Right to Leave
- Right to Refuse Participation in Medical Research
- Right to Correspondence and to Receive Visitors
- Right to Express Grievances
- Right to be Informed of His Right and Obligations as a Patient
Every person has a right to health and medical care corresponding to his state of
health, without any discrimination and within the limits of the resources, manpower and competence available for health and medical care at the relevant time
Right to Appropriate Medical Care and Humane Treatment
Patient has a right to a clear, truthful and substantial explanation, in a manner and
language understandable to the patient, of all proposed procedures, whether
diagnostic, preventive, curative, rehabilitative, or therapeutic.
Right to Informed Consent
The patient has the right to be free from unwarranted public exposure
Right to Privacy and Confidentiality
The patient or his/her legal
guardian has a right to be informed of the result of the evaluation of the nature and
extent of his/her disease, any other additional or other contemplated medical treatment on surgical procedures
Right to Information
The patient is free to choose the health care provider to serve him as well as the
facility except when he is under the care of a service facility or when public health
and safety so demands or when the patient expressly or impliedly waives this right
Right to Choose Healthcare Provider and Facility
The patient has the right to refuse medical treatment or procedures which may be
contrary to his religious beliefs
Right to Religious Belief
The patient has the right to avail himself/herself of any recommended diagnostic and
treatment procedures
Right to Self-Determination
The patient is entitled to a summary of his medical records, except psychiatric noted and other incriminatory information obtained about third parties, with the attending physician explaining contents thereof
Right to Medical Records
The patient has a right to ______ the hospital or any health care institution regardless of
his physical condition:
Provided, that
a) he/she is informed of the medical consequences of his/her decision;
b) he/she releases those involved in his/her care
from any obligation relative to the consequences of his decision;
c) his/her decision
will not prejudice public health and safety
Right to Leave
The patient has to be advised if the healthcare provider plans to involve him in
medical research
Right to Refuse Participation in Medical Research
The patient has the right to communicate with relatives and other persons and to
receive visitors subject to reasonable limits prescribed by the rules and regulations of the health care institution.
Right to Correspondence and to Receive Visitors
The patient has the right to express complaints and grievances about the care and
services received without fear of discrimination or reprisal and to know about the
disposition of such complaints.
Right to Express Grievances
Every person has the right to be informed of his ________ as a patient
Right to be Informed of His Right and Obligations as a Patient
A branch of medical science that involves the study and diagnosis of disease through the examination of surgically removed organs, tissues (biopsy samples), bodily fluids, and in some cases the whole body (autopsy)
Pathology
What are the (6) Responsibilities of a Patient:
- Cooperate with the Health Provider
- Give All Pertinent and Truthful Information
- Follow the Instructions of the Medical Center
- Inform the Healthcare Personnel of Adverse Events Resulting from Treatment
- Follow the rules, regulations, and policies of hospital
- Give Gratitude and Compensation to the Healthcare Providers
Pathology is considered as the ______ between _____ and _____
- Bridge
- Science
- Medicine
What are the four (4) approaches that may be used to diagnose cancer:
- Physical Exam
- Laboratory Tests
- Imaging Tests
- Biopsy
TRUE OR FALSE
Cancer is often detected in its earlier stages
FALSE
Cancer is often detected in its LATER stages
The doctor may feel areas of patient’s body for lumps that may indicate a tumor; changes in skin color or enlargement of an organ that may indicate the presence of cancer.
Physical Exam
Which test is used to reveal an unusual number of white blood cells ?
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
This allows a doctor to examine the bones and internal organs of the patient in a noninvasive way.
Imaging Tests
The doctor collects a sample of cells for testing in the
laboratory.
Biopsy
A type of biopsy wherein only a sample of tissue is removed
Incisional Biopsy
A sample of tissue or fluid is removed with a needle
Needle Biopsy
An entire lump or suspicious area is removed
Excisional Biopsy
Cancer stages are generally indicated by
A. Hindu-Arabic Numerals
B. Roman Numerals
C. Alpha-Numeric Numerals
D. Binary Code Numerals
B. Roman Numerals
Complete the following Cancer Stages with their specific names:
Stage 0 =
Stage I =
Stage II =
Stage III =
Stage IV =
Stage 0 = Carcinoma in Situ
Stage I = Localized
Stage II = Early Locally Advanced
Stage III = Late Locally Advanced
Stage IV =Metastasized
Patient meetings with the doctor/nurse lasts for ___ to ___ hours
1 to 2 Hours
Problems that can occur as a result of treatment
Side Effects
These are conducted regular checkups once treatment is over. During these checkups, the doctor or nurse will see how well the radiation
therapy worked,
Follow-up Care
These are effects that occur six or more months after radiation therapy
is completed.
Late Side Effects
This is a side effect that occurs because radiation passes through the skin on its way to the cancer
Skin Change/s
This is often described as feeling weary or exhausted
Fatigue
Most common side effects go away within _____ after radiotherapy is finished
Two Months
Radiation oncology patients may be at greater risk of acquiring infections because of their _______ and they may reactivate disease that can be transmitted to patients and personnel
Immunosuppression
TRUE OR FALSE
Patients on isolation precautions or immunocompromised should only be transported to Radiation Therapy when absolutely essential.
TRUE
Patients who have pulmonary symptoms of uncertain etiology should be requested to wear a ______
Mask
A ____ % isopropyl alcohol solution may be used to clean blood pressure cuffs and lamps when visibly soiled
70 %
Surgical instruments and implant equipment used in Brachytherapy should be soaked in enzymatic cleaner and water for a minimum of _______
30 Minutes
It is a facility used for procedures where radioactive seeds are implanted.
High Dose Rate (HDR) Brachytherapy Room
What are the 6 Rights of Drug Administration:
- Right Patient
- Right Drug
- Right Dose
- Right Route
- Right Time
- Right Documentation
Verify the patient’s identity before administering medications.
Right Patient
Verify that the prescribed dose is correct and matches the amount being administered
Right Dose
Ensure that the medication ordered is the one being administered.
Right Drug
Confirm that the medication is being administered via the intended route (e.g. oral, intravenous, intramuscular)
Right Route
All blood spills should be flooded with a ______
Bleach Solution
Administer the medication at the scheduled time, following the prescribed frequency.
Right Time
Record the medication administration accurately and
promptly in the patient’s medical record.
Right Documentation
CPD stands for _____
Central Processing Department
