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Rad Protection Final Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 possible outcomes when cells are irradiated?

A

1) No Damage 2) Temporary Damage 3) Permanent Damage 4) Cell Death

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2
Q

Ribosomes are?

A

Protein factories

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3
Q

How much of our body is made out of water?

A

80-85%

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4
Q

What is the mastermind/Genetic Code of the cell?

A

DNA

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5
Q

What type of structure is DNA

A

Double Helix or Twisted Ladder

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6
Q

What are the rungs of the ladder of DNA

A

Nitrogenous Base Pairs

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7
Q

What pairs with Adenine in the PURINES

A

Thymine

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8
Q

What pairs with Cytosine in the PYRIMIDINES

A

Guanine

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9
Q

How many chromosomes are in Somatic Cells?

A

46 Chromosomes (23 Pairs)

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10
Q

How many chromosomes are in Genetic Cells?

A

23 Chromosomes

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11
Q

Somatic = ______ number

A

Diploid

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12
Q

Genetic = ______ number

A

Hapliod

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13
Q

XX

A

Girl

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14
Q

XY

A

Boy

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15
Q

Somatic Cell Division

A

Mitosis

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16
Q

Genetic Cell Division

A

Meiosis

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17
Q

The cell is ____ sensitive to radiation damage during “M” Phase

A

Most

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18
Q

Organic compounds contain?

A

CARBON

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19
Q

Alpha particles contain?

A

2 protons 2 Neutrons

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20
Q

Symbol for Mass #

A

A

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21
Q

Symbol for Atomic #

A

Z

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22
Q

Mass # =

A

A= (P+N)

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23
Q

Atomic # =

A

Z=(# of P)

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24
Q

After alpha emission “A” decreases by ___ and “Z” decreases by ___

A

“A” decreases by 4, “Z” decreases by 2

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25
Average energy deposited as radiation passes through the tissue
Linera Energy Transfer
26
Potential Tissue damage from radiation
Relative Biologic Effect
27
LET and RBE are _____ proportional
directly
28
First crude and inaccurate way to measure human dose
Skin Erythema Dose
29
What is the "S.I" unit of RAD
GRAY
30
What is the "S.I" unit of REM
Seivert
31
What is the "S.I" unit of Roentgen
Coulombs
32
What is the "S.I" unit of Curie
Becquerel
33
Used to measure amount of radiation deposited in ANY object, living or inanimate
Rad & Gray
34
Used to measure radiation absorbed in Human Tissue only
Rem & Seivert
35
Used to measure ionization in air or in air exposure
Roentgen & Coulombs
36
Used to measure Radioactivity
Curie & Becquerel
37
RADS X QF =
Rems
38
Traditional to SI =
Divide by 100
39
SI to traditional =
Multiply by 100
40
What is the quality factor for x-ray, beta particles, and gamma rays?
1
41
What is the quality factor for alpha particles and fast neutrons?
20
42
Increases radiosensitivty of tissue, important in radiation therapy
Oxygen Enhancement Ratio
43
Direct Action = __%
5
44
Indirect Action = __%
95
45
What are the end results of radiolysis
H202 and H02 (Free Radicals)
46
What can travel and cause damage at distant sites?
Free Radicals
47
Method explaining radiation dose to patients
BERT - Background Equivalent Radiation Time
48
X-rays exist as WAVES and PARTICLES
Dual Theory
49
On the Electromagnetic Spectrum which has the shortest Wavelength and the highest frequency?
Cosmic
50
On the Electromagnetic Spectrum which has the longest wavelength and the lowest frequency?
Radio Waves
51
C, G, R, U, V, I, M,R
Cosmic, Gamma, Roentgen, Ultra Violet, Visible Light, Infrared Radiation, Microwave, Radiowaves
52
What charge does the Nucleous have?
Positive
53
What charge do Electrons have?
Negative Charges that reside in shells (K-Q)
54
What is a form of Terrestrial Radiation?
Radon
55
Radon accounts for __% of yearly dose?
37%
56
EPA recommends action be taken to reduce Radon levels to less than?
4.0 picocuries/ liter of air
57
What kind of radiation is greater in higher elevations?
Cosmic
58
What year was TMI
1979
59
What year was Chernobyl
1986
60
What year was Japan
2012
61
What dose was high in Chernobyl due to radioactive milk?
Thyroid
62
Gonadal doses vary from men to women due to?
Location of Anatomy
63
Diagnostic and Leukemia are plotted on what Response Curves?
Linear, Non-Threshold ( No safe Limit )
64
Hemopoietic
100-1000 rads
65
GI
1,000-5,000 Rads
66
CNS
5,000+
67
The higher the dose wight he Acute Radiation Syndrom the ___ the latent period
Shorter
68
Potential long term somatic effects of radiation include what 2 things?
Cnacer and Cataracts
69
lethal dose to 50% of exposed population in 60 days ( How many rads?)
300-400 Rads
70
Lymphocytes are ____ radiosensitive
MOST
71
Adult Nerve cells are _____ radiosensitive
LEAST
72
Fetal dose for ENITRE gestation period?
0.5 REM
73
Yearly occupational Effective Dose Limit?
5 REM
74
Yearly Non occupation effective dose limit?
0.5 REM
75
Skin, Thyroid, extremities?
50 REM/year
76
Lens of Eye
15 REM/ year
77
First step in protection is optimum?
Collimation
78
Stem, Immature, undifferentiated, and precursor cells are VERY radiosensitive
Law Or BErgonie and Tribondeau
79
3 types of shielding?
Shaped contact ( Males ), Shadow , Flat contact ( Mostly Used )
80
Main purpose of beam filtration is to?
Decrease patients skin dose?
81
Filtration eliminates what kind of wavelength?
Maximum
82
If tube operates at 70 kVp or above, tube must have at leasts __ filtration
2.5mm AL
83
3 ways to overcome motion
Short Exposure Time, Clear instructions, Restraints
84
Fluoro switch must be what type?
Deadman
85
What type of radiation reader can be re-read?
Film Badge
86
Cumulative Dose =
Age in years X 1 REM
87
3 Cardinal Rules?
Shielding, Time, Distance

Radiation Protection (green) (4 decks)

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