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Radiation Protection (green) > Rad Protection Final > Flashcards

Rad Protection Final Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 possible outcomes when cells are irradiated?

A

1) No Damage 2) Temporary Damage 3) Permanent Damage 4) Cell Death

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2
Q

Ribosomes are?

A

Protein factories

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3
Q

How much of our body is made out of water?

A

80-85%

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4
Q

What is the mastermind/Genetic Code of the cell?

A

DNA

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5
Q

What type of structure is DNA

A

Double Helix or Twisted Ladder

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6
Q

What are the rungs of the ladder of DNA

A

Nitrogenous Base Pairs

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7
Q

What pairs with Adenine in the PURINES

A

Thymine

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8
Q

What pairs with Cytosine in the PYRIMIDINES

A

Guanine

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9
Q

How many chromosomes are in Somatic Cells?

A

46 Chromosomes (23 Pairs)

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10
Q

How many chromosomes are in Genetic Cells?

A

23 Chromosomes

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11
Q

Somatic = ______ number

A

Diploid

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12
Q

Genetic = ______ number

A

Hapliod

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13
Q

XX

A

Girl

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14
Q

XY

A

Boy

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15
Q

Somatic Cell Division

A

Mitosis

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16
Q

Genetic Cell Division

A

Meiosis

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17
Q

The cell is ____ sensitive to radiation damage during “M” Phase

A

Most

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18
Q

Organic compounds contain?

A

CARBON

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19
Q

Alpha particles contain?

A

2 protons 2 Neutrons

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20
Q

Symbol for Mass #

A

A

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21
Q

Symbol for Atomic #

A

Z

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22
Q

Mass # =

A

A= (P+N)

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23
Q

Atomic # =

A

Z=(# of P)

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24
Q

After alpha emission “A” decreases by ___ and “Z” decreases by ___

A

“A” decreases by 4, “Z” decreases by 2

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25
Q

Average energy deposited as radiation passes through the tissue

A

Linera Energy Transfer

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26
Q

Potential Tissue damage from radiation

A

Relative Biologic Effect

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27
Q

LET and RBE are _____ proportional

A

directly

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28
Q

First crude and inaccurate way to measure human dose

A

Skin Erythema Dose

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29
Q

What is the “S.I” unit of RAD

A

GRAY

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30
Q

What is the “S.I” unit of REM

A

Seivert

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31
Q

What is the “S.I” unit of Roentgen

A

Coulombs

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32
Q

What is the “S.I” unit of Curie

A

Becquerel

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33
Q

Used to measure amount of radiation deposited in ANY object, living or inanimate

A

Rad & Gray

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34
Q

Used to measure radiation absorbed in Human Tissue only

A

Rem & Seivert

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35
Q

Used to measure ionization in air or in air exposure

A

Roentgen & Coulombs

36
Q

Used to measure Radioactivity

A

Curie & Becquerel

37
Q

RADS X QF =

A

Rems

38
Q

Traditional to SI =

A

Divide by 100

39
Q

SI to traditional =

A

Multiply by 100

40
Q

What is the quality factor for x-ray, beta particles, and gamma rays?

A

1

41
Q

What is the quality factor for alpha particles and fast neutrons?

A

20

42
Q

Increases radiosensitivty of tissue, important in radiation therapy

A

Oxygen Enhancement Ratio

43
Q

Direct Action = __%

A

5

44
Q

Indirect Action = __%

A

95

45
Q

What are the end results of radiolysis

A

H202 and H02 (Free Radicals)

46
Q

What can travel and cause damage at distant sites?

A

Free Radicals

47
Q

Method explaining radiation dose to patients

A

BERT - Background Equivalent Radiation Time

48
Q

X-rays exist as WAVES and PARTICLES

A

Dual Theory

49
Q

On the Electromagnetic Spectrum which has the shortest Wavelength and the highest frequency?

A

Cosmic

50
Q

On the Electromagnetic Spectrum which has the longest wavelength and the lowest frequency?

A

Radio Waves

51
Q

C, G, R, U, V, I, M,R

A

Cosmic, Gamma, Roentgen, Ultra Violet, Visible Light, Infrared Radiation, Microwave, Radiowaves

52
Q

What charge does the Nucleous have?

A

Positive

53
Q

What charge do Electrons have?

A

Negative Charges that reside in shells (K-Q)

54
Q

What is a form of Terrestrial Radiation?

A

Radon

55
Q

Radon accounts for __% of yearly dose?

A

37%

56
Q

EPA recommends action be taken to reduce Radon levels to less than?

A

4.0 picocuries/ liter of air

57
Q

What kind of radiation is greater in higher elevations?

A

Cosmic

58
Q

What year was TMI

A

1979

59
Q

What year was Chernobyl

A

1986

60
Q

What year was Japan

A

2012

61
Q

What dose was high in Chernobyl due to radioactive milk?

A

Thyroid

62
Q

Gonadal doses vary from men to women due to?

A

Location of Anatomy

63
Q

Diagnostic and Leukemia are plotted on what Response Curves?

A

Linear, Non-Threshold ( No safe Limit )

64
Q

Hemopoietic

A

100-1000 rads

65
Q

GI

A

1,000-5,000 Rads

66
Q

CNS

A

5,000+

67
Q

The higher the dose wight he Acute Radiation Syndrom the ___ the latent period

A

Shorter

68
Q

Potential long term somatic effects of radiation include what 2 things?

A

Cnacer and Cataracts

69
Q

lethal dose to 50% of exposed population in 60 days ( How many rads?)

A

300-400 Rads

70
Q

Lymphocytes are ____ radiosensitive

A

MOST

71
Q

Adult Nerve cells are _____ radiosensitive

A

LEAST

72
Q

Fetal dose for ENITRE gestation period?

A

0.5 REM

73
Q

Yearly occupational Effective Dose Limit?

A

5 REM

74
Q

Yearly Non occupation effective dose limit?

A

0.5 REM

75
Q

Skin, Thyroid, extremities?

A

50 REM/year

76
Q

Lens of Eye

A

15 REM/ year

77
Q

First step in protection is optimum?

A

Collimation

78
Q

Stem, Immature, undifferentiated, and precursor cells are VERY radiosensitive

A

Law Or BErgonie and Tribondeau

79
Q

3 types of shielding?

A

Shaped contact ( Males ), Shadow , Flat contact ( Mostly Used )

80
Q

Main purpose of beam filtration is to?

A

Decrease patients skin dose?

81
Q

Filtration eliminates what kind of wavelength?

A

Maximum

82
Q

If tube operates at 70 kVp or above, tube must have at leasts __ filtration

A

2.5mm AL

83
Q

3 ways to overcome motion

A

Short Exposure Time, Clear instructions, Restraints

84
Q

Fluoro switch must be what type?

A

Deadman

85
Q

What type of radiation reader can be re-read?

A

Film Badge

86
Q

Cumulative Dose =

A

Age in years X 1 REM

87
Q

3 Cardinal Rules?

A

Shielding, Time, Distance

Radiation Protection (green) (4 decks)

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