Chapter 7

Question 1

Alpha Particle are very ______

Answer 1

Heavy

Question 2

Alpha Particles causes superficial ________

Answer 2

Skin Damage

Question 3

Alpha particles can be stopped by ________________\

Answer 3

Black construction paper

Question 4

Instability of an atom caused by addition or removal of electrons.

Answer 4

Ionization

Question 5

Amount of energy deposited in tissue over path of radiation beam.

Answer 5

Linear energy transfer (LET)

Question 6

Low ____ radiation deposits little energy in tissue such as x-rays and gamma rays.

Answer 6

LET

Question 7

High ____ radiation deposits greater energy in tissue like alpha.

Answer 7

LET

Question 8

High____ is potentially dangerous if implanted (prostate seeds) or ingested, injected, or inhaled in nuclear medicine.

Answer 8

LET

Question 9

Relative damage to tissues due to radiation being deposited.

Answer 9

Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE)

Question 10

LET & RBE are __________ proportional.

Answer 10

Directly

Question 11

Radiation absorbed dose used to measure amount of radiation deposited in any object living or inanimate.
Traditional Unit ____
Systems International Unit _____

Answer 11

Trad- Rad

SI- Gray

Question 12

Radiation equivalent to man used to measure radiation absorbed in human tissue only.
Traditional Unit-
SI -

Answer 12

Trad- Rem

SI - seirvert

Question 13

Measure ionization in air or in air exposure
Trad-
SI-

Answer 13

Trad- roentgen

SI- coulombs

Question 14

Used to measure radioactivity (usually Nuclear Medicine)
Trad-
SI-

Answer 14

Trad- curie

SI - Becquerel

Question 15

Rads x QF =

Answer 15

REMS

Question 16

Grays x QF =

Answer 16

Seiverts

Question 17

X-Ray, Beta Particle, Gamma Rays have a quality factor of?

Answer 17

1

Question 18

Alpha Particles, Fast Neutrons has a quality factor of?

Answer 18

20

Question 19

QF is similar to Radiation or ____________

Answer 19

Tissue Weighting Factor

Question 20

Tissue irradiated under oxygenated or aerobic conditions is more sensitive to radiation than when irradiated under anoxic or hypoxia conditions

Answer 20

Oxygen Enhancement Ration OER

Question 21

Alpha particles consist of ____ Protons and ______ Neutrons

Answer 21

2 Protons 2 Neutrons

Question 22

What is important in Radiation Therapy because healthy, oxygenated tissue may not require as much radiation to kill cancer cells.

Answer 22

OER

Question 23

Young cells more vulnerable to radiation damage. Examples- Stem, immature, precursor, undifferentiated cells.

Answer 23

Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau

Question 24

____ action of damage to cells from radiation occurs 5% of the time (direct hit to DNA)

Answer 24

Direct

Question 25

____ action of damage to ells from radiation occurs 95% of the time (due to radiolysis of water)

Answer 25

Indirect

Question 26

Radiolysis of water can result in formation of?

Answer 26

Free Radicals

Question 27

Extremely unstable, can travel and cause point lesions away from area that was irradiated.

Answer 27

Free Radicals

Question 28

Hydroxyl Radical (OH*) and Hydroperoxyl Radical (HO2*)

Answer 28

Types of Free Radicals formed

Question 29

Two Hydroxyl Radicals (OH*) can combine to form Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) which is ________

Answer 29

Toxic to the cell

Question 30

When radiation interacts with DNA and serves a side rail or rung of the DNA ladder. Repair enzymes are capable of reversing some point mutations.

Answer 30

Point Mutation

Question 31

photomicrograph of chromosome that shows damage from radiation

Answer 31

Karotype

Question 32

___ is the mastermind of the cell and necessary for cell survival.

Answer 32

DNA

Question 33

A whole body dose of __GY ____Rads depresses blood cell count Threshold Dose

Answer 33

.25gy 25 Rads

Question 34

Lethal Dose or 3-4gy (300-400 Rads) that may kill 50% or exposed population in 60 Days

Answer 34

LD 50/60

Question 35

______ are the most radiosensitive cells in the body.

Answer 35

Lymphocyte

Question 36

______ are the least radiosensitive cells in the body.

Answer 36

Adult nerve cells

Question 37

_____ are the least radioresistant in the body.

Answer 37

Lymphocyte

Question 38

_____ are the most radioresistant in the body.

Answer 38

Adult nerve cells

Question 39

__ gy ___ rads may cause temporary sterility in makes and females (Threshold dress)

Answer 39

2gy 200 Rads

Question 40

__gy and __rads may cause permanent sterility in females

Answer 40

5gy 500 Rads

Question 41

__gy and __ rads may cause permanent sterility in males

Answer 41

5-6 gy 500-600 Rads