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Radiation Protection (green) > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Alpha Particle are very ______

A

Heavy

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2
Q

Alpha Particles causes superficial ________

A

Skin Damage

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3
Q

Alpha particles can be stopped by ________________\

A

Black construction paper

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4
Q

Instability of an atom caused by addition or removal of electrons.

A

Ionization

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5
Q

Amount of energy deposited in tissue over path of radiation beam.

A

Linear energy transfer (LET)

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6
Q

Low ____ radiation deposits little energy in tissue such as x-rays and gamma rays.

A

LET

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7
Q

High ____ radiation deposits greater energy in tissue like alpha.

A

LET

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8
Q

High____ is potentially dangerous if implanted (prostate seeds) or ingested, injected, or inhaled in nuclear medicine.

A

LET

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9
Q

Relative damage to tissues due to radiation being deposited.

A

Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE)

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10
Q

LET & RBE are __________ proportional.

A

Directly

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11
Q

Radiation absorbed dose used to measure amount of radiation deposited in any object living or inanimate.
Traditional Unit ____
Systems International Unit _____

A

Trad- Rad

SI- Gray

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12
Q

Radiation equivalent to man used to measure radiation absorbed in human tissue only.
Traditional Unit-
SI -

A

Trad- Rem

SI - seirvert

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13
Q

Measure ionization in air or in air exposure
Trad-
SI-

A

Trad- roentgen

SI- coulombs

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14
Q

Used to measure radioactivity (usually Nuclear Medicine)
Trad-
SI-

A

Trad- curie

SI - Becquerel

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15
Q

Rads x QF =

A

REMS

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16
Q

Grays x QF =

A

Seiverts

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17
Q

X-Ray, Beta Particle, Gamma Rays have a quality factor of?

A

1

18
Q

Alpha Particles, Fast Neutrons has a quality factor of?

A

20

19
Q

QF is similar to Radiation or ____________

A

Tissue Weighting Factor

20
Q

Tissue irradiated under oxygenated or aerobic conditions is more sensitive to radiation than when irradiated under anoxic or hypoxia conditions

A

Oxygen Enhancement Ration OER

21
Q

Alpha particles consist of ____ Protons and ______ Neutrons

A

2 Protons 2 Neutrons

22
Q

What is important in Radiation Therapy because healthy, oxygenated tissue may not require as much radiation to kill cancer cells.

A

OER

23
Q

Young cells more vulnerable to radiation damage. Examples- Stem, immature, precursor, undifferentiated cells.

A

Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau

24
Q

____ action of damage to cells from radiation occurs 5% of the time (direct hit to DNA)

A

Direct

25
Q

____ action of damage to ells from radiation occurs 95% of the time (due to radiolysis of water)

A

Indirect

26
Q

Radiolysis of water can result in formation of?

A

Free Radicals

27
Q

Extremely unstable, can travel and cause point lesions away from area that was irradiated.

A

Free Radicals

28
Q

Hydroxyl Radical (OH) and Hydroperoxyl Radical (HO2)

A

Types of Free Radicals formed

29
Q

Two Hydroxyl Radicals (OH*) can combine to form Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) which is ________

A

Toxic to the cell

30
Q

When radiation interacts with DNA and serves a side rail or rung of the DNA ladder. Repair enzymes are capable of reversing some point mutations.

A

Point Mutation

31
Q

photomicrograph of chromosome that shows damage from radiation

A

Karotype

32
Q

___ is the mastermind of the cell and necessary for cell survival.

A

DNA

33
Q

A whole body dose of __GY ____Rads depresses blood cell count Threshold Dose

A

.25gy 25 Rads

34
Q

Lethal Dose or 3-4gy (300-400 Rads) that may kill 50% or exposed population in 60 Days

A

LD 50/60

35
Q

______ are the most radiosensitive cells in the body.

A

Lymphocyte

36
Q

______ are the least radiosensitive cells in the body.

A

Adult nerve cells

37
Q

_____ are the least radioresistant in the body.

A

Lymphocyte

38
Q

_____ are the most radioresistant in the body.

A

Adult nerve cells

39
Q

__ gy ___ rads may cause temporary sterility in makes and females (Threshold dress)

A

2gy 200 Rads

40
Q

__gy and __rads may cause permanent sterility in females

A

5gy 500 Rads

41
Q

__gy and __ rads may cause permanent sterility in males

A

5-6 gy 500-600 Rads

Radiation Protection (green) (4 decks)

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